Court of Common Pleas: the National Archives, Cp40 1399-1500. Originally published by Centre for Metropolitan History, London, 2010.
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In this section
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 030
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 030
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 031
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 031d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 108
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 109
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 112
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 114
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 124
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 128
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 129d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 129d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 141d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 142
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 144
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 144d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 145
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 145
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 145d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 145d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 147
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 147d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 149
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 169
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 169d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 172
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 284d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 285
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 301d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 303d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 305d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 309d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 329d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 333
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 338
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 339
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 339d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 342
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 342d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 345d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 349d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 349d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 350d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 350d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 353d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 358
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 388d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 392d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 393
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 393d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 396
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 401d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 409d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 412
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 412
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 413
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 421d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 423d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 438
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 444d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 483
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 499
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 503d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 509
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 511
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 516
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 519
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 531d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 533d
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 534
- Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 554
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 030
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 5m
Case type: Bond
Pleading: John Lane states that on 28 March 1448, in London, Thomas Leyghton made a bond with him in £25, payable at Pentecost then next, but has not paid, to his damage of 5m. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: TL granted licence to imparl to Michaelmas three weeks, with assent of plaintiff.
Postea text: 5 further licences to imparl, to quindene of Hilary 1469, with assent of plaintiff. [Followed by marginal note, stating that the case was discontinued from that date.]
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | St Sepulchre without Newgate < Farringdon Ward Without < London < England |
(initial) 28/03/1448 (due) 12/05/1448 < Pentecost |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 030
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 4m
Case type: Bond
Pleading: John Quedampton and John Beuke state that on 15 February 1465, in London, Thomas Smyth made a bond with them in 100s, payable at Christmas then next, but has not paid, to their damage of 4m. They show the bond in court.
Pleading: TS granted licence to imparl to octave of Michaelmas, with assent of plaintiffs.
Postea text: Plaintiffs come in person, TS does not come. Order that JQ and JB recover debt, and damages of 13s 4d. TS amerced.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | St Dunstan in the West < Farringdon Ward Without < London < England |
(initial) 15/02/1465 (due) 25/12/1465 < Christmas |
| Individual | Status | Occupation | Place | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Beuke (m) | Plaintiff | |||
| John Quedampton (m) | Plaintiff | |||
| Thomas Smyth (m) | Citizen | Hurrer | London < England | Defendant |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 031
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: £4
Case type: Bond
Pleading: John Kyng and Thomas Vaux state that on 7 November 1464, in London, William Webbe made a bond with them in £4 11s 8d, payable at Lady Day then next, but has not paid, to their damage of £4. They show the bond in court.
Pleading: WW asks to hear the bond and the endorsement, and these are read in court. The endorsement states that the condition of this bond is such that if WW pay JK and TV the said £4 11s 8d as follows, namely 10s at Lady Day following, 10s at the Nativity of St John the Baptist next, 10s at Michaelmas next, 10s at Christmas next, and so on until the debt is paid, then the bond shall have no effect; if he defaults in any payments, it is to be paid in full. Having heard this, WW states that the plaintiffs ought not have their action, since he paid them all the sums specified in the endorsement at the times given, namely in Southwark.
Pleading: JK and TV, protesting that WW did not pay them any of the sums specified in the endorsement, state that WW did not pay the 10s due at the Nativity of St John the Baptist 1466. Parties on country, sheriff of Surrey to have jury of Southwark here at the octave of St John the Baptist.
Postea text: Process continued, jury in respite to the morrow of All Souls 1467. On this day, parties came by attorneys, WW challenged the jury, since he said that the panel was made by John Wody, under-sheriff of Thomas Vaughan, the sheriff of Surrey, at the nomination of the plaintiffs, in their favour. The triers found this to be true. Panel was removed. Order to sheriff to have new panel here at quindene of Hilary 1468, and John Wody not to be involved.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | St Bride Fleet Street < Farringdon Ward Without < London < England |
(initial) 07/11/1464 (due) 25/03/1465 < Blessed Virgin Mary, Annunciation of |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 031d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (account)
Damages claimed: 4m
Case type: Reckoning of account
Pleading: John Thomas, Thomas Wymark, Thomas Barnaby and Philip Curteys, wardens of the company of brewers, state that on 20 January 1467, in London, John Burre accounted with them concerning various sums of their money received on account by JB before that time, and on this JB was found to be in arrears to them in £8. However, he has not paid, to their damage of 4m.
Pleading: JB, in person [sic] states that he does not owe the plaintiffs this £8 or any money as claimed. Order that he wager his law at the octave of St John the Baptist; pledges named. Attorney ordered to have his master here [sic].
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Accounting | St Anne and St Agnes < Aldersgate Ward < London < England | (initial) 20/01/1467 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 108
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (sale of goods)
Damages claimed: £20
Case type: Sale of goods
Pleading: Robert Derlyngton states that on 11 January 1465, in London, William Wellys bought from him 18 pieces of woollen cloth called 'ware cloths' for £40 6s 8d, payable on request. RD acknowledges payment of £8 of this sum, but has not been paid the remaining £32 6s 4d of this sum [sic], to his damage of £20.
Pleading: WW granted licence to imparl to octave of Michaelmas.
Case notes: Figures, as given in original document, do not add up correctly.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Sale of Goods | St Nicholas Cole Abbey < Bread Street Ward < London < England | (initial) 11/01/1465 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 109
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Account
Damages claimed: £20
Case type: Contract (service/employment); Reckoning of account
Pleading: John Norton states that William Wode was his receiver from 1 March 1466 for one year, and during that time, in London, he received 40s by the hand of Thomas Norman, 26s 8d by the hand of Henry Ructer, and 4m by the hand of Richard Trygge, to the trade and profit of JN. For this he was to make reasonable account, but has not done so, to his damage of £20.
Pleading: WW states that he was never receiver of JN as claimed. Parties on country, jury here at the octave of St John the Baptist next.
Postea text: 2 posteas, sheriff did not send writ, to octave of Martinmas 1467.
Case notes: See also CP 40/823, rot 305, for same case in same terms, but with different posteas.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Service/employment Contract | St Giles without Cripplegate < Cripplegate Ward < London < England | (initial) 01/03/1466 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 112
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Kent
Writ type: Trespass (against statute)
Damages claimed: []
Case type: Breach of Statute; Real action / rents / damage to real estate
Pleading: William Loflas amerced for many defaults. Thomas Iden, citing the terms of the statute against forcible entry into property [5 Ric II, c. 7], states that on [date omitted] William Loflas, without permission, forcibly entered into his manor of Fawkham, in contempt of the king, against the form of the statute, and to his damage of [omitted].
Pleading: WL granted licence to imparl to octave of Michaelmas.
Case notes: Details missing.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 114
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Trespass (force and arms)
Damages claimed: £100
Case type: Safe keeping; Taking of goods
Pleading: John Boweman states that on 20 January 1467, in London, Isabel Kyrkeby, John Bonvyle, Adam Birde, Roger Bekensale and John Hunte forcibly took and carried off his goods and chattels worth £40, namely a silk girdle decorated with silver and gilt, 6 gold rings, a coral rosary, and a gold brooch called 'a hert of gold'. This was against the peace, and to his damage of £100.
Pleading: The plaintiffs, protesting that the goods were not of such great value as claimed, deny force and arms and acting against the peace, and they also deny taking two of the rings, the rosary and the brooch. Parties on country. Concerning the rest, they say that JB ought not maintain his action, since before the time of the supposed trespass, in the parish of St Thomas the Apostle in Cordwainer Street ward, JB delivered the said goods to a certain Agnes Bonvyle for safe-keeping, by virtue of which delivery Agnes was in possession. Then, at the time of the alleged trespass, Agnes delivered the items to Roger B to deliver to JB, who then, for safety, asked the other defendants to assist him in delivering the items to JB. However, when they attempted to deliver them to JB, he refused to accept them, this being the alleged trespass.
Pleading: JB, protesting that he did not deliver the goods to Agnes as claimed, states that the defendants did forcibly take and carry away the goods as he claimed, and Agnes did not deliver the goods to the defendants as alleged. He seeks judgment.
Pleading: Defendants state that Agnes did deliver the goods to JB as claimed. Parties on country, sheriff to have jury here at [omitted]. [Marginal note: Recorded by the justices that no day to come was given.]
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 124
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (loan)
Damages claimed: 25m
Case type: Loan
Pleading: John Wylde states that on 5 May 1463, in London, Thomas Wyllyngton borrowed 25m from him, payable on request, but has not re-paid this, to his damage of 10m.
Pleading: TW states that he does not owe JW this 25m or any money as claimed. Makes his law immediately. Order that JW take nothing, amerced for false claim. TW sent without day.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Loan | St Nicholas Cole Abbey < Bread Street Ward < London < England | (initial) 05/05/1463 |
| Individual | Status | Occupation | Place | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Small (m) | Attorney of plaintiff | |||
| John Wylde (m) | Plaintiff | |||
| Thomas Wyllyngton (m) | Yeoman | (lately of) Nuneaton < Warwickshire < England | Defendant |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 128
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: £100
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Oliver Grymbalt states that on 15 November 1465, in London, Nicholas Condorowe made a bond with him in 100m, payable at the feast of St Thomas the Apostle then next, but has not paid, to his damage of £100. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: NC granted licence to imparl to octave of Michaelmas, with assent of OG.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | St Mary Aldermanbury < Cripplegate Ward < London < England |
(initial) 15/11/1465 (due) 21/12/1465 < St Thomas the Apostle |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 129d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (sale of goods)
Damages claimed: 40s
Case type: Sale of goods
Pleading: John Cok states that on 20 June 1460, in London, Philip Nele bought from him eight oxen ('boves') for £6, payable on request, but has not paid, to his damage of 40s.
Pleading: PN states that he does not owe JC this £6 or any money as claimed. Order that he wager his law at octave of St John the Baptist; pledges for law named.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Sale of Goods | St Sepulchre without Newgate < Farringdon Ward Without < London < England | (initial) 20/06/1460 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 129d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (sale of goods)
Damages claimed: 40s
Case type: Sale of goods
Pleading: Andrew Whyte states that on 20 June 1460, in London, Philip Nele bought from him five oxen ('boves') for 75s, payable on request, but has not paid, to his damage of 40s.
Pleading: PN states that he does not owe AW these 75s or any money as claimed. Order that he wager his law at octave of St John the Baptist; pledges for law named.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Sale of Goods | St Sepulchre without Newgate < Farringdon Ward Without < London < England | (initial) 20/06/1460 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 141d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (account)
Damages claimed: 20m
Case type: Reckoning of account
Pleading: John Wode amerced for many defaults. Thomas Pres states that on 20 December 1460, in London, he accounted with John Wode concerning various sums of his money received by JW on account before that time, and on this JW was found to be in arrears by £22 9s 1d. However, JW has not paid this sum, to his damage of 20m.
Pleading: JW granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas, with assent of TP.
Postea text: 4 further licences to imparl, to quindene of Michaelmas 1468.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Accounting | All Hallows Bread Street < Bread Street Ward < London < England | (initial) 20/12/1460 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 142
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Middlesex
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 40m
Damages awarded: 5m
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Henry Danvers states that on 29 October 1465, at Westminster, John Dykeman made a bond with him in 100m, payable at Pentecost then next, but has not paid, to his damage of 40m. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: JD admits the action, and that he owes the 100m as claimed. Order that HD recover debt, and damages of 5m. The said Robert [recte John] amerced. HD remits the damages, and JD is quit.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Westminster < Middlesex < England |
(initial) 29/10/1465 (due) 25/05/1466 < Pentecost |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 144
Term: Trinity 1467
County: York
Writ type: Debt (sale of goods)
Damages claimed: 6m
Case type: Sale of goods
Pleading: Thomas Scauseby states that on 12 May 1447, in the city of York, Thomas Heynde bought from him one barrel full of steel ('calebis'), two barrels of bitumen and four dozen 'sadelers plates' for 40s, payable on request, but has not paid, to his damage of 6m.
Pleading: TH states that he does not owe TS this 40s or any money as claimed. Makes his law immediately. Order that TS take nothing, amerced for false claim. TH sent without day.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 144d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Essex
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 10m
Damages awarded: 13s 4d
Costs: 16s 8d
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Thomas Bygge states that on 5 May 1466, at Stratford Langthorne, John Gate made a bond with him in £8 4s 8d, payable at Pentecost then next, but has not paid, to his damage of 10m. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: JG asks to hear the bond and endorsement, and these are read in court [endorsement recited in full, in Latin]. The condition of the bond is such that if JG should pay TB £4 13s 4d at the said feast of Pentecost, and 71s 4d at St Peter in Cathedra next following, then the bond shall have no effect; if he defaults in any payment, then the bond shall remain in force. Having heard this, JG states that TB ought not have his action, as he paid TB the sums as given in the endorsement, at the times specified, namely at Maldon in Essex.
Pleading: TB, protesting that JG did not pay him any of the sums specified in the endorsement, states that JG did not pay him the £4 13s 4d due at Pentecost 1466, as he ought to have done.
Pleading: JG states that he did pay this sum to TB at Pentecost 1466 as specified. Parties on country, jury here at quindene of St John the Baptist.
Postea text: Jury in respite to octave of Michaelmas 1467.
Postea text: Parties come by attorneys, jury say that JG did not pay TB the £4 13s 4d due at Pentecost 1466. Damages assigned at 13s 4d, costs at 13s 4d. Order that TB recover his debt, and damages of 26s 8d, and a further 3s 4d costs assigned by the court, to a total of 30s.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Stratford Langthorne < Essex < England |
(initial) 05/05/1466 (due) 25/05/1466 < Pentecost |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 145
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Middlesex
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 40m
Damages awarded: 5m
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Henry Danvers states that on 29 October 1465, at Westminster, John Wodey made a bond with him in 100m, payable at Pentecost then next, but has not paid, to his damage of 40m. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: JW admits the action, and that he owes this 100m as claimed. Order that HD recover debt, and damages of 5m. JW amerced. HD freely remits the 5m damages, and JW is quit of these damages.
Case notes: See also similar cases on rot 145 and rot 145d.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Westminster < Middlesex < England |
(initial) 29/10/1465 (due) 25/05/1466 < Pentecost |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 145
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Middlesex
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 40m
Damages awarded: 5m
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Henry Danvers states that on 29 October 1465, at Westminster, Thomas Hoo made a bond with him in 100m, payable at Pentecost then next, but has not paid, to his damage of 40m. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: TH admits the action, and that he owes this 100m as claimed. Order that HD recover debt, and damages of 5m. TH amerced. HD freely remits the 5m damages, and TH is quit of these damages.
Case notes: See also similar cases on rot 145 and rot 145d.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Westminster < Middlesex < England |
(initial) 29/10/1465 (due) 25/05/1466 < Pentecost |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 145d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Middlesex
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 40m
Damages awarded: 5m
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Henry Danvers states that on 29 October 1465, at Westminster, Robert Loterford made a bond with him in 100m, payable at Pentecost then next, but has not paid, to his damage of 40m. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: RL admits the action, and that he owes this 100m as claimed. Order that HD recover debt, and damages of 5m. RL amerced. HD freely remits the 5m damages, and RL is quit of these damages.
Case notes: See also similar cases on rot 145 and rot 145d.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Westminster < Middlesex < England |
(initial) 29/10/1465 (due) 25/05/1466 < Pentecost |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 145d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Middlesex
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 40m
Damages awarded: 5m
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Henry Danvers states that on 29 October 1465, at Westminster, Robert Mille made a bond with him in 100m, payable at Pentecost then next, but has not paid, to his damage of 40m. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: RM admits the action, and that he owes this 100m as claimed. Order that HD recover debt, and damages of 5m. RM amerced. HD freely remits the 5m damages, and RM is quit of these damages.
Case notes: See also similar cases on rot 145 and rot 145d.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Westminster < Middlesex < England |
(initial) 29/10/1465 (due) 25/05/1466 < Pentecost |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 147
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Middlesex
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 100s
Damages awarded: 10s
Costs: 20s
Case type: Bond
Pleading: John Redyng states that on 1 June 1459, at Westminster, Robert Goldsmyth made a bond with him in £6 13s 4d, which he shows in court, sealed with the seal of RG. This was payable at Michaelmas then next, but RG has not paid, to his damage of 100s.
Pleading: RG granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas, with assent of JR.
Pleading: [continued at Michaelmas 1467, rot 151] RG states that the bond is not of his making. Parties on country, jury here on the morrow of Martinmas. Bond in custody of John Fogge.
Postea text: [on CP 40/825, rot 151] Process continued, jury in respite to quindene of Trinity 1468. On this day, JR came by attorney, RG did not come, in default. Jury state that the bond was of RG's making. Damages assigned at 10s, costs at 20s. Order that JR recover debt and damages. RG to be taken.
Postea text: RG appears in court and seeks to make fine with the king. Granted at 6s 8d, by pledge of John Strelley and Richard Parker. RG sent without day.
Case notes: Continued on CP 40/825, rot 151.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Westminster < Middlesex < England |
(initial) 01/06/1459 (due) 29/09/1459 < Michaelmas |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 147d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Trespass (force and arms)
Damages claimed: 20m
Case type: Housebreaking; Taking of goods
Pleading: John Savage states that on 6 August 1464 Thomas Mersburgh forcibly broke his close in London and took and carried off his goods and chattels worth 40s, namely one wooden step called 'a stayre'. This was against the peace, and to his damage of 20m.
Pleading: TM granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas, with assent of JS.
Postea text: 2 further licences to imparl, to quindene of Easter 1468.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
|
House-breaking Taking of Goods |
St Andrew Undershaft < Aldgate Ward < London < England | (initial) 06/08/1464 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 149
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (loan)
Damages claimed: 10m
Case type: Loan
Pleading: Thomas Bakur states that on 4 July 1465, in London, Philip Ungyll borrowed 40s from him, payable on request, but has not re-paid this, to his damage of 10m.
Pleading: PU granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Loan | St Mary Woolnoth < Langbourn Ward < London < England | (initial) 04/07/1465 |
| Individual | Status | Occupation | Place | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philip Ungyll (m) | Labourer | London < England | Defendant | |
| Thomas Bakur (m) | Plaintiff | |||
| William Fleg (m) | Attorney of plaintiff |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 169
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Trespass (force and arms)
Damages claimed: 100s
Case type: Taking of goods
Pleading: William Haydok states that on 8 October 1466, in London, Alice Martyn forcibly took and carried away £11 of his in minted money, against the peace and to his damage of 100s.
Pleading: AM denies the trespass as claimed. Parties on country, jury here at octave of St John the Baptist.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Taking of Goods | St Dunstan in the East < Tower Ward < London < England | (initial) 08/10/1466 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 169d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Other
Damages claimed: £40
Case type: Contract (general); Negligence
Pleading: Matthew Phelip states that on 12 January 1455, in London, Henry Hardere agreed to build a new timber roof on MP's barn in St John's (Margate) on the Isle of Thanet, but built is so negligently that it fell down, to his damage of £40.
Pleading: HH granted licence to imparl to octave of Michaelmas, with assent of MP.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Location of Property | Margate < Kent < England | |
| Contract (not Service/employment) | St Vedast Foster Lane < Farringdon Ward Within < London < England | (initial) 12/01/1455 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 172
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 10m
Damages awarded: 13s 4d
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Ralph Kempe and William Stavele state that on 23 October 1465, in London, William Hore made a bond with them in £8 19s 2d, payable at Easter then next, but has not paid, to their damage of 10m. They show the bond in court.
Pleading: WH, by attorney, defends etc. And the attorney of WH states that he is not informed of any response by his master to this writ and plea, nor anything in exclusion of the action. Order that RK and WS recover their debt, and damages of 13s 4d. WH amerced.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | St Mary le Bow < Cheap Ward < London < England |
(initial) 23/10/1465 (due) 06/04/1466 < Easter |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 284d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Coventry
Writ type: Debt (bond); Debt (loan)
Damages claimed: 100s
Case type: Bond; Loan
Pleading: John Smyth states that on 16 November 1465, in Coventry, John Monmouth made a bond with him in £10, payable on the morrow of the Purification then next, of which he acknowledges satisfaction of £3. Also, at the same time, JM borrowed a further 60s from him, payable on request. However, JM has not paid this total of £10, to his damage of 100s. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: JM granted licence to imparl, to Michaelmas three weeks, with assent of plaintiff.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Coventry < Warwickshire < England |
(initial) 16/11/1465 (due) 03/02/1466 |
| Loan | Coventry < Warwickshire < England | (initial) 16/11/1465 |
| Individual | Status | Occupation | Place | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Monmouth (m) | Gentleman | (lately of) London < England | Defendant | |
| John Smyth (m) | Gentleman | London < England | Plaintiff |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 285
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Middlesex
Writ type: Debt (other)
Damages claimed: 100s
Case type: Debt; Real action / rents / damage to real estate
Pleading: John Manyngham states that on 22 September 1465, at Old Ford in Middlesex, he demised to John Weynesheede a pasture in Old Ford called 'Brome Feld' to hold of him from Michaelmas then next for one year, at a rent of 5m, payable at Michaelmas. JW held this property for that term, but is in arrears on that farm by 40s. However, JW has not paid this to JM, to his damage of 100s.
Pleading: JW states that he paid JM these 40s in London, in St Leonard's parish, Bridge ward.
Pleading: JM states that JW did not pay him these 40s as he has claimed. Enquiry by country, sheriff of London to have jury here at Michaelmas three weeks.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Payment | St Leonard Eastcheap < Bridge Ward < London < England | |
| Rental Agreement | Old Ford < Middlesex < England |
(initial) 22/09/1465 (due) 29/09/1466 < Michaelmas |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 301d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (loan)
Damages claimed: 40s
Case type: Loan
Pleading: John Wodeward was attached by the king's writ, by the privilege of the ministers and officials of the Bench, to answer Thomas Clemens, attorney of this court, on a debt of 40s. Thomas Clemens states that on 28 April 1467, in London, John Wodeward borrowed 40s from him, payable on request, but he has not re-paid this, to his damage of 40s.
Pleading: JW granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Loan | St Sepulchre without Newgate < Farringdon Ward Without < London < England | (initial) 28/04/1467 |
| Individual | Status | Occupation | Institution | Place | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Wodeward (m) | Butcher | London < England | Defendant | ||
| Thomas Clemens (m) | Attorney | Common Pleas [court] | Plaintiff |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 303d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Middlesex
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 6m
Damages awarded: 13s 4d
Costs: 26s 8d
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Richard Orchard states that on 13 February 1463, at Westminster, Robert Danyell made a bond with him in 4m, payable at Pentecost then next, but has not paid, to his damage of 6m. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: RD granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas. Pledges named for defendant.
Pleading: [continued at Michaelmas 1467, rot 148] RD states that the bond is not of his making. Parties on country, jury here on morrow of All Souls. Same pledges named. Bond in custody of John Fogge.
Postea text: [on CP 40/825, rot 148] Sheriff did not send writ, to quindene of Hilary 1468.
Postea text: Jury in respite to Easter three weeks 1468. On this day, RO came by attorney, RD did not come, in default. Jury say that the bond is of RD's making as claimed. Damages assigned at 13s 4d, costs at 26s 8d. Order that RO recover debt and damages, RD to be taken.
Case notes: Continued on CP 40/825, rot 148.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Westminster < Middlesex < England |
(initial) 13/02/1463 (due) 29/05/1463 < Pentecost |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 305d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Berkshire
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 10m
Case type: Bond; Imprisonment
Pleading: Robert Derlyngton states that on 1 October 1466, at Reading, Richard Wylkes made a bond with him in 100s, payable at Christmas then next, but has not paid, to his damage of 10m. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: RW states that he ought not owe this debt, as at the time of the making of the bond RD and his associates made such great threats against him that, unless he made this bond, they would take him and imprison him, so that out of fear he made this bond under duress.
Pleading: RD states that RW made this bond freely and not out of fear of any threats or duress. Enquiry by country, jury here at octave of Michaelmas.
Postea text: Sheriff did not send writ, to morrow of All Souls 1467.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Imprisonment | Reading < Berkshire < England | (initial) 01/10/1466 |
| Bond | Reading < Berkshire < England |
(initial) 01/10/1466 (due) 25/12/1466 < Christmas |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 309d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Middlesex
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: £5
Damages awarded: 20s
Costs: 13s 4d
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Thomas Stratton states that on 1 May 1460, at Westminster, William Bouer made a bond with him in £10, payable at the Nativity of St John the Baptist then next, but has not paid, to his damage of £5. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: WB states that this bond is not of his making. Parties on country, jury here at octave of Michaelmas.
Postea text: Sheriff did not send writ, to morrow of Martinmas 1467.
Postea text: Process continued, jury in respite to octave of Martinmas 1468. On this day, parties come by attorneys, jury say the WB did make the bond as claimed by TS. Damages assigned at 20s, costs at 13s 4d. Order that TS recover debt and damages as assessed. WB to be taken.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Westminster < Middlesex < England |
(initial) 01/05/1460 (due) 24/06/1460 < St John the Baptist, Nativity of |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 329d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Yorkshire
Writ type: Debt (loan)
Damages claimed: 100s
Case type: Loan
Pleading: Thomas Pykburn and William Fithion, executors of John Catclyf, state that on 12 August 1461, at Doncaster, John Bertylmewe borrowed 4m from John Catclyf, now deceased, but has not re-paid this, either to JC himself or his executors, to their damage of 100s. They show in court the testamentary letters of RC, by which they are executors and have administration.
Pleading: JB granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas, with assent of plaintiffs.
Pleading: [continued at Michaelmas 1467, rot 568] JB states that he does not detain this or any money as claimed. Order that he wager his law at octave of Hilary 1468; pledged for law named. Attorney of JB to have him here on that day.
Case notes: Continued on CP 40/825, rot 568.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 333
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: £10
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Reginald Pole and John Felde, administrators of the goods and chattels formerly of William Beaufitz, state that on 15 July 1460, in London, William, abbot of Winchcombe made a bond with WB, now deceased, in £40, payable on 31 December 1461. However, the abbot has not paid, either WB during his lifetime or his administrators after his death, to their damage of £10. They show the bond in court, and the letters of Thomas, bishop of London, appointing them as administrators.
Pleading: Abbot William granted licence to imparl to octave of Michaelmas, with assent of plaintiffs.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | St Magnus the Martyr < Bridge Ward < London < England |
(initial) 15/07/1460 (due) 31/12/1461 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 338
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Middlesex
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 40s
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Thomas Hurst states that on 12 March 1448, at Westminster, John Bysshop made two bonds with him, each in 32s ½d, payable at Lady Day 1449 and Lady Day 1450 respectively. Of this 64s 1d, TH acknowledges satisfaction of 1d, but JB has not paid the remaining 64s, to his damage of 40s. He shows the bonds in court.
Pleading: JB states that the bonds are not of his making. Parties on country, jury here at quindene of Michaelmas. Bonds in safe-keeping of John Fogge. [Marginal note that the case had no day beyond the said quindene of Michaelmas.]
Postea text: Bonds returned to John Forster, attorney of the plaintiff. Fogge quit.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 339
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Surrey
Writ type: Debt (sale of goods)
Damages claimed: 40s
Case type: Sale of goods
Pleading: John Mounforde states that on 21 September 1466, in Southwark, John Wylkys bought from him one millstone ('molarem') for 100s, payable at All Saints then next, but has not paid, to his damage of 40s.
Pleading: JW granted licence to imparl to octave of Michaelmas, with assent of plaintiff.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Sale of Goods | Southwark < Surrey < England |
(initial) 21/09/1466 (due) 01/11/1466 < All Saints |
| Individual | Status | Occupation | Place | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Mounforde (m) | Tallow-chandler | Plaintiff | ||
| John Wylkys (m) | Draper | (lately of) London < England | Defendant | |
| Thomas Hever (m) | Attorney of plaintiff |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 339d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (sale of goods)
Damages claimed: 40s
Damages awarded: 6s 8d
Case type: Sale of goods
Pleading: William White states that on 26 July 1461, in London, Edward Nevyle bought from him 30 yards of blue woollen cloth for 100s, payable on request, but has not paid, to his damage of 40s.
Pleading: EN admits the action, and that he owes WW this 100s as claimed. Order that WW recover debt, and damages of 6s 8d; EN not amerced, as came on the first day. WW comes into court by attorney and according to the statute seeks a writ of elegit to the sheriff of Norfolk, and this is granted, returnable here at Michaelmas one month.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Sale of Goods | St Christopher le Stocks < Broad Street Ward < London < England | (initial) 26/07/1461 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 342
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (bond); Debt (loan)
Damages claimed: 5m
Case type: Bond; Loan
Pleading: John Bisshop and Robert Rechardys (JB acting as attorney of RR) state that on 18 October 1460, in London [parish and ward omitted], Thomas Wyllaston made a bond with them in 20s, payable at Christmas then next, and also borrowed a further 20s, payable on request. However, he has not paid this total of 40s, to their damage of 5m. They show the bond in court.
Pleading: TW states that he does not owe the 20s on the bond, as the bond is not of his making. Parties on country. Concerning the rest, he states that he does not owe them this 20s or any money as claimed. Parties on country, jury here at octave of Michaelmas. Bond in custody of John Fogge.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | London < England |
(initial) 18/10/1460 (due) 25/12/1460 < Christmas |
| Loan | London < England | (initial) 18/10/1460 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 342d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 100s
Damages awarded: 10s
Case type: Bond
Pleading: John Hert states that on 30 November 1465, in London, William Hornby made a bond with him in £10, payable at Easter then next, but has not paid, to his damage of 100s. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: WH, in person, granted licence to imparl to octave of Michaelmas.
Postea text: JH came by attorney, WH by attorney William Flegge. WH admits the action, and that he owes the debt as claimed. Order that JH recover debt, and damages of 10s. WH amerced. JH remits 7 marks of the debt, and WH is quit of this.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | St Stephen Coleman Street < Coleman Street Ward < London < England |
(initial) 30/11/1465 (due) 06/04/1466 < Easter |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 345d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (sale of goods)
Damages claimed: 5m
Case type: Sale of goods
Pleading: John Harryes states that on 20 November 1464, in London, Richard Hert bought from him one alabaster panel ('tabulam') for 60s, of which 30s was payable at the Nativity of St John the Baptist then next, and 30s at Michaelmas following. He acknowledges satisfaction of 20s, but RH has not paid the remaining 40s, to his damage of 5m.
Pleading: RH granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas, with assent of JH.
Postea text: 2 further licences to imparl, to quindene of Easter 1468.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Sale of Goods | St Mary le Bow < Cheap Ward < London < England |
(initial) 20/11/1464 (due) 24/06/1465 < St John the Baptist, Nativity of (due) 29/09/1465 < Michaelmas |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 349d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Yorkshire
Writ type: Debt (loan)
Damages claimed: 100s
Case type: Loan
Pleading: Thomas Pygburn and William Fithion, executors of John Catclyf, state that on 12 August 1461, at Doncaster, Robert Kyng borrowed 40s from JC, now deceased, payable on request. However, he has not re-paid this, either to JC himself or his executors, to their damage of 100s. They shows in court the testamentary letters of JC, by which they are executors and have administration.
Pleading: RK granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas, with assent of executors.
Pleading: [continued at Michaelmas 1467, rot 568] RK states that he does not detain this 40s from the plaintiffs as claimed. Order that he wager his law at octave of Hilary; pledges for law named. Attorney of RK to have him here on that day.
Case notes: Continued on CP 40/825, rot 568 (although date of loan given there as 10 August, presumably a scribal copying error).
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 349d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Yorkshire
Writ type: Debt (loan)
Damages claimed: 100s
Case type: Loan
Pleading: Thomas Pygburn and William Fithion, executors of John Catclyf, state that on 12 August 1461, at Doncaster, John Parker borrowed 40s from JC, now deceased, payable on request. However, he has not re-paid this, either to JC himself or his executors, to their damage of 100s. They show in court the testamentary letters of JC, by which they are executors and have administration.
Pleading: JP granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas, with assent of executors.
Pleading: [continued at Michaelmas 1467, rot 568d] JP states that he does not detain this or any money from the plaintiffs as claimed. Order that he wager his law at octave of Hilary; pledges for law named. Attorney of JP to have him here on that day.
Postea text: JP makes his essoin, to octave of the Purification 1468.
Postea text: Plaintiffs come by attorney, JP in person, makes his law. Plaintiffs to take nothing, amerced for false claim. JP sent without day.
Case notes: Continued on CP 40/825, rot 568d.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 350d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Detinue
Damages claimed: 40m
Case type: Detention of goods; Safe keeping
Pleading: Roger Gentyll states that on 10 August 1447, in London, he delivered to Nicholas Pratte for safe keeping one tun of red wine, a full set of armour ['armaturam completur'], two leather phalera, two black cloaks, two silver bowls and two defensive doublets, all worth 40m. These were to be returned on request, but NP has not done so, to his damage of 40m.
Pleading: NP granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas, with assent of RG.
Postea text: 2 further licences to imparl, to quindene of Easter 1468.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Safe Keeping | St Lawrence Jewry < Cheap Ward < London < England | (initial) 10/08/1447 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 350d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Middlesex
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: £10
Case type: Bond
Pleading: William Babyngton of Chilwell, William Babyngton, son of Robert Babyngton, Thomas Babyngton and Henry Merland, administrators of Robert Babyngton, state that on 3 September 1455, at Westminster, Richard Worlych made a bond with RB, now deceased, in £7 11s 8d, payable at Easter then next. However, RW has not paid, either to RB during his lifetime or to WB, WB, TB and HM, appointed administrators of the goods of RB by John, bishop of Lincoln, on 16 February 1466, in the parish of St Andrew [Holborn], ward of Farringdon Without in London. This is to their damage of £10. they show in court both the bond and the letters of administration.
Pleading: RW granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas, with assent of administrators.
Pleading: [continued at Michaelmas 1467, rot 158] RW states that the administrators ought not have their action, since after the making of the bond, namely on 6 November 1457, at Wheathampstead in Hertfordshire, by a sealed document which RW shows in court, Robert Babyngton acknowledged receipt of this £7 11s 8d from RW and Matthew Parker, who was jointly bound with RW in this debt, in full payment of the bond.
Pleading: The administrators state that this acquittance is not of RB's making. Enquiry by country, sheriff of Hertfordshire to have a jury here at octave of Hilary. Acquittance in custody of John Fogge. RW places William Halywell in his place.
Postea text: [on CP 40/825, rot 158] Acquittance returned to RW, as process was discontinued. JF quit.
Case notes: Continued on CP 40/825, rot 158.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 353d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Trespass (force and arms)
Damages claimed: £20
Case type: Safe keeping; Taking of goods
Pleading: John Cheyne states that on 19 May 1463, in London, Joan Swete forcibly took and carried away goods and chattels worth 14m, namely a gold collar set with a gold flower. This was against the peace, and to his damage of £20.
Pleading: Joan S denies force and arms; parties on country. Concerning the taking of the collar, Joan S states that JC ought not have his action, since at the time of the supposed trespass JC, by the hands of his wife Agnes, delivered the collar to Joan S in the said parish for safe-keeping, and she therefore took it away with her in her possession. This is the taking and carrying off alleged by the plaintiff. She seeks judgment.
Pleading: JC states that Joan S did forcibly take the collar as claimed, and that he did not deliver it to Joan S for safe-keeping as claimed by Joan S.
Pleading: Joan S states that JC did deliver the collar to her as claimed. Parties on country, jury here at octave of Michaelmas.
Postea text: Sheriff did not send writ, to octave of Hilary 1468.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 358
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Other
Damages claimed: £100
Case type: Contract (service/employment)
Pleading: Thomas Wynslowe states that Roger Moriell, father of Roger Moriell, by an indenture which he shows in court, sealed by RM the father and dated 17 April 1456, placed his son in apprenticeship with TW, to stay with him as an apprentice and learn the art of his trade from Pentecost then next (16 May 1456) for 9 years. The son agreed to do this, serving his master night and day, not doing any waste or damage to the value of 12d or more, and not leaving without permission, and the father guaranteed the agreement. The son was therefore in the apprenticeship of TW from Pentecost 1456 until 20 June 1461, but RM the son, between this feast of Pentecost and the end of the nine years, took and carried off various goods, namely on 6 August 1464 (recte 1456?), 3 yards of musterdvilers, 5½ yards of russet and 7 yards of scarlet worth £6, and on 27 July 1460, 25½ yards of musterdvilers, 33 yards of plunket, and 29 yards of russet coloured woollen cloth, worth £8, and on 23 September 1459 5 yards of murrey, 18 yards of musterdvilers, 10 yards of russet, 4 yards of violet coloured wolllen cloth, and one barrel of herrings worth £9, and on 27 July 1460 he took £31 in cash, along with a horse worth 26s 8d, to TW's damage of £40. And RM the son left TW's service on the said 20 June 1461. RM the father has thus broken the agreement, to TW's damage of £100.
Pleading: RM the father asks to hear the indenture, and it is read in court [recited in full, in Latin], giving the terms of the service, RM senior's guarantee of the agreement, made before the mayor and sheriffs of London on 17 April 1456. RM, protesting that the contents of the indenture are not sufficient in law to maintain the writ, and protesting that all the terms were followed by his son, states that his son did not take and carry away the aforesaid goods or any parcel of them, or the said £31, or any money, or the horse, and nor did he leave TW's service as claimed. Parties on country, jury here at quindene of Michaelmas.
Postea text: 2 posteas, sheriff did not send writ, to quindene of Easter 1468.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Service/employment Contract | St Martin Orgar < Candlewick Street Ward < London < England | (initial) 17/04/1456 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 388d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (sale of goods)
Damages claimed: 4m
Case type: Sale of goods
Pleading: Lawrence Stoyle states that on 12 September 1446, in London, William Dolbeare bought from him 10 quarters of wheat for £4, payable on request, but has not paid, to his damage of 4m.
Pleading: WD states that in Devon there are two places called Ashperton, both with qualifiers, namely Ashperton borough and Ashperton manor, but no place just called Ashperton as the writ supposes.
Pleading: LS states that there is a place in Devon called just Ashperton, as the writ states. Enquiry by country, sheriff of Devon to have jury here at octave of Michaelmas.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Sale of Goods | St Bride Fleet Street < Farringdon Ward Without < London < England | (initial) 12/09/1446 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 392d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Trespass (force and arms)
Damages claimed: £20
Case type: Taking of goods
Pleading: Thomas Pykburn and William Fithion, executors of John Catclyf, state that on 1 April 1467, in London, John Bertylmewe and Nicholas Mustard forcibly took and carried away goods and chattels worth 20m formerly of JC, then in the possession of the executors, namely a book called a 'portuse', a pair of linen sheets, a russet gown, a cloak of musterdevillers, a tester of green worsted, one banker, a diaperwork tablecloth 6 ells in length, another tablecloth 4 ells in length, 2 diaperwork towels, a coral rosary with gold beads, and 4 brass candlesticks. This was against the peace, and to their damage of £20. They show in court the testamentary letters of RC, by which they are executors and have administration.
Pleading: JB and NM granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas, with assent of plaintiffs.
Pleading: [continued at Michaelmas 1467, rot 145d] JB and NM deny this trespass as claimed. Parties on country, jury here at octave of Hilary.
Case notes: Continued on CP 40/825, rot 145d.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Taking of Goods | St Benet Gracechurch < Bridge Ward < London < England | (initial) 01/04/1467 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 393
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Sussex
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: £20
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Thomas, prior of Lewes, states that on 21 February 1457, at Lewes, John Cobbe made a bond with John Danyell, then prior of Lewes, his predecessor, in £20, payable at Michaelmas then next. However, JC has not paid, either to the former prior or the plaintiff, to his damage of £20. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: JC states that the bond is not of his making. Parties on country, jury here at octave of St John the Baptist.
Postea text: 2 posteas, sheriff did not send writ, to octave of Michaelmas 1467.
Postea text: Process continued, jury in respite to quindene of Trinity 1468. Prior came, by attorney, JC did not come, in default. Jury said that the bond was of JC's making. Damages assigned at 40s. Order that prior recover debt, and damages. JC to be taken.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Lewes < Sussex < England |
(initial) 21/02/1457 (due) 29/09/1457 < Michaelmas |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 393d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (account)
Damages claimed: 100s
Case type: Reckoning of account
Pleading: John Yonge states that on 1 April 1465, in London (parish of St Antholin, ward of Bridge (sic)), he and Thomas Ludger accounted together concerning various sums of JY's money received by TL on account before that time, and on that TL was found to be in arrears by 100s. However, he has not paid this, to JY's damage of 100s.
Pleading: TL granted licence to imparl to octave of Michaelmas.
Case notes: Parish and ward inconsistent.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Accounting | St Antholin Budge Row < Bridge Ward < London < England | (initial) 01/04/1465 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 396
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: £4
Case type: Bond; Imprisonment
Pleading: William Aleyn and John Rodby state that on 24 January 1465, in London, Robert Trotte made a bond with them in 100s, payable at Pentecost then next, but has not paid, to their damage of £4. They show the bond in court.
Pleading: RT states that the plaintiffs ought not maintain their action, as at the time of the making of the bond he was imprisoned by them and their associates at Southwark in Surrey, and detained there until he made the bond under duress.
Pleading: The plaintiffs state that at the time of the making of the bond RT was not imprisoned, and made the bond freely and not under any duress or coercion. Enquiry by country, sheriff of Surrey to have jury here at quindene of Michaelmas. Pledges named for defendant.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 401d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Middlesex
Writ type: Debt (other); Debt (sale of goods)
Damages claimed: 100s
Case type: Contract (general); Real action / rents / damage to real estate; Sale of goods
Pleading: Hugh Wyndelond states that on 12 May 1461, at Westminster, he demised to John Priour a shop in London in Bridge Street [parish and ward omitted], at a rent of 20s for that period, payable at [omitted]. However, despite occupying this shop for that period, JP has not paid this sum, and is in arrears. Also, on the same day, JP bought from HW 12 salmon for 10s, payable on request, and also, at [omitted], placed a certain John Child in the household of HW for 10 weeks, paying 12d per week. However, none of these sums have been paid, totalling 40s, to his damage of 100s.
Pleading: JP granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 409d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (other)
Damages claimed: 100s
Case type: Contract (general); Contract (service/employment)
Pleading: John Barry states that on 14 November 1451, in London, by a document which he shows in court, Thomas Pulter granted to JB a certain annuity of 6s 8d, payable at Michaelmas each year by TP or the farmer of his manor of Frenchhurst in Kent. JB was in possession of this until 15 years before the date of his original writ, namely 8 October 1465, when TP withdrew the rent, and still detains it, to his damage of 100s.
Pleading: TP granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas.
Pleading: [continued at Michaelmas 1467, rot 453] TP states that JB ought not maintain his action, as it appears by that document that TP granted this annuity to JB only for as long as JB remained friendly towards TP. TP states that before the making of the document, namely at Simpson in Buckinghamshire, he was retained by Thomas Grey, lord of Rougemont, to serve in his household and to be of his counsel, from Michaelmas 1451 for one year, taking 4m as a salary for that year, payable at Michaelmas following. By virtue of this, TP was in the service of TG, at Toseland in Huntingdonshire, from Michaelmas 1451 until 20 May 1452, when JB, who was also in TG's service at Toseland, malevolently requested TG to dismiss TP from his service, which he then did.
Pleading: JB, protesting that he did not persuade TG to dismiss TP from his service, states that TP was not retained by TG to serve him as claimed.
Pleading: TP states that he was retained by TG to serve him as claimed. Parties on country, jury here on morrow of Martinmas.
Postea text: Sheriff did not send writ, to octave of Hilary 1468.
Case notes: Continued on CP 40/825, rot 453.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 412
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 100s
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Thomas Horton states that on 14 January 1466, in London, Thomas Walys made a bond with him in £7 12s 4d, payable at Easter then next, but has not paid, to his damage of 100s. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: TH granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | St Giles without Cripplegate < Cripplegate Ward < London < England |
(initial) 14/01/1466 (due) 06/04/1466 < Easter |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 412
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Middlesex
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 10m
Case type: Bond
Pleading: John Reynold, executor of John Dryvere, was summoned to answer John Hole on plea that he, together with John Moreley and Margaret, widow of JD, render to him £16. JH states that on 14 February 1463, at Westminster, JD, now deceased, made a bond with him in £16, payable at Michaelmas then next. However, JD did not pay during his lifetime, and nor has JR, JD's executor, after JD's death, to his damage of 10m. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: JR granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas.
Postea text: 6 further licences to imparl, to quindene of Easter 1469.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Westminster < Middlesex < England |
(initial) 14/02/1463 (due) 29/09/1463 < Michaelmas |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 413
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (sale of goods)
Damages claimed: 100s
Case type: Sale of goods
Pleading: John Nele states that on 8 July 1465, in London, Thomas Phelyppys, alias Thomas Tyler, bought from him 7lb of pepper, 2lb of saffron, 4lb of cloves, 4lb of spices called 'graynes' [grains of paradise], 8lb of green ginger, 4lb of mace, 14lb of currants', 8lb of liquorice, 4lb of wormseed, 3lb of cinnamon, one ream of writing paper, one ream of non-writing paper, and 6lb of Valencia almonds and 6lb of treacle, all for £3 19s 9d, payable on request. However, he has not paid, to his damage of 100s.
Pleading: TP granted licence to imparl to octave of Michaelmas.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Sale of Goods | St Pancras Soper Lane < Cheap Ward < London < England | (initial) 08/07/1465 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 421d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Lincolnshire
Writ type: Trespass (force and arms)
Damages claimed: 100s
Case type: Taking of goods
Pleading: William Bryan states that on 20 August 1464, at Bradley, Patrick See and John Squyrre forcibly found, took and carried away his goods and chattels worth 40s, namely 4 cartloads of barley and 4 cartloads of beans and peas, against the peace and to his damage of 100s.
Pleading: PS and JS deny the trespass as charged. Parties on country, jury here at Michaelmas one month. Pledges named for defendants.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 423d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (other)
Damages claimed: £10
Case type: Breach of Statute; Debt; Sale of goods
Pleading: Richard Sherd states that according to the statute passed by the parliament of 2 Edward IV [Stat Realm, 4 Edward IV, c.7], no leathermaker or shoemaker in the city of London or within three miles of the city, within the franchise or without, may, after Easter 1465, make any shoes with pikes longer than two inches in length, as judged by the wardens or governors of the mystery, or sell any shoes on Sundays, or on the feasts of Christmas, Ascension or Corpus Christi, or place any shoes on the feet or legs of any man, on pain of forfeiture of 20s, of which 6s 8d should go to the use of the king, 6s 8d to the use of the governors of the mystery of cordwainers, and 6s 8d to the use of the person finding, discovering and proving the breach; and that each person that will sue for such a forfeiture shall have an action of debt by writ or plaint as they choose, and such process and execution as in an action of debt, and the defendant shall not be permitted to wager their law. RS, suing according to the form of the statute, states that on 10 April 1466, in the parish of St James Garlickhithe, Queenhithe ward, William Dalamare made 3 pairs of shoes and 3 pairs of greaves with pikes measuring more than 2 inches, as adjudged on the following day in the same parish by David John, Thomas Mason, John Bolton and Richard Smallewode, then wardens of the cordwainers, and also on Sunday 13 April he sold a pair of shoes to one Rees ap Morgan for 7d paid there and then, placing them on his feet, and also on Sunday 20 April, in the same parish, he sold a pair of shoes to John Edward for 7d, paid there and then, also fitting them, and also on Sunday 27 April he sold and fitted another pair of shoes to one John Enyon for 7d, against the form of the statute, and to his damage of £10.
Pleading: WD granted licence to imparl to octave of Michaelmas. Pledges named for defendant.
Postea text: 10 further licences to imparl, to quindene of Easter 1470.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 438
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 5m
Case type: Bond; Imprisonment
Pleading: John Barett states that on 11 January 1465, in London, Robert Trott made a bond with him in £6, payable to the feast of SS Philip and James then next, but has not paid, to his damage of 5m. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: RT states that he ought not owe this debt, as at the time of the making of the bond he was imprisoned by JB and his associates in Southwark, and detained there until he made this bond under duress.
Pleading: JB denies this, stating that at the time of the making of the bond RT was not imprisoned, and made the bond freely and not under duress. Enquiry by country, sheriff of Surrey to have jury here at quindene of Michaelmas. Pledges named for defendant.
Postea text: Sheriff of Surrey did not send writ, to morrow of All Souls 1467.
Case notes: For an earlier case, seemingly relating to this same bond, see CP 40/817, rot 501.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 444d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Devon
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: £20
Case type: Bond
Pleading: Roger Crokhay states that on 25 June 1452, at Kennford, John Jacob, now deceased, made a bond with him in £40, payable at the feasts of SS Peter and Paul then next. However, JJ did not pay during his lifetime, and nor has his executor, the defendant, William Wolston, to his damage of £20. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: WW states that he ought not owe this debt, as he was never executor of JJ, and never administered any of his goods as claimed.
Pleading: RC states that WW administered various goods and chattels as JJ's executor, namely at Kennford in Devon. Enquiry by country, jury here at octave of Michaelmas.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Kennford < Devon < England |
(initial) 25/06/1452 (due) 29/06/1452 < SS Peter & Paul |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 483
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Hertfordshire
Writ type: Debt (other)
Damages claimed: £10
Case type: Debt; Real action / rents / damage to real estate
Pleading: John Lane and his wife Alice, former wife of Thomas Reymond, state that the late Thomas Reymond and his then wife Alice, by an indenture which JL and AL show in court, sealed by the defendants, dated at St Albans on 19 April 1460, demised at farm to John Hyde, William Hyde and Thomas Colman a messuage with appurtenances in St Albans, by the name of all the property of TR and Alice in the market place of St Albans, one head of which abutted the grain market, and the other on the malt market, to hold from Lady Day then last past for 15 years, at an annual rent of 40s, payable equally at the feasts of St John the Baptist, Michaelmas, Christmas and Lady Day each year [terms of rental given]. If the rent is in arrears, they may enter the property and distrain goods to satisfy the debt, and if the rent is in arrears for a year, they may re-enter the property and expel the tenants. They agree to warranty the property. By virtue of this, the defendants held the property, and afterwards TR died, and Alice married JL, but the rent remains unpaid for 2 years up to the date of their original writ, namely 12 April 1467, and the defendants have not paid them this, to their damage of £10.
Pleading: JH, WH and TC granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas, with assent of plaintiffs.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 499
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: 10m
Case type: Bond
Pleading: William Baybroke and Hugh Hunt state that on 7 March 1466, in London, William Frebarn made a bond with them in £7, payable to either or both of them at the Nativity of St John the Baptist then next, but has not paid, to their damage of 10m. They show the bond in court.
Pleading: WF granted licence to imparl to octave of Michaelmas. Pledges named for defendant.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | St Magnus the Martyr < Bridge Ward < London < England |
(initial) 07/03/1466 (due) 24/06/1466 < St John the Baptist, Nativity of |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 503d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (account)
Damages claimed: £10
Case type: Reckoning of account
Pleading: Andrew Body and William Laurence state that on 20 December 1463, in London, William Tyler and Henry Halle accounted together before Thomas Eliottes and Walter Rose, auditors, concerning various sums of WT's money received on account by HH before that time, and on this HH was found to be in arrears to WT in £17 17s 6½d. However, HH did not pay this to WT, or to WT's executors, the plaintiffs AB and WL, to their damage of £10.
Pleading: HH states that he did not account before these auditors as claimed. Parties on country, jury here at octave of Michaelmas.
Postea text: Sheriff did not send writ, to octave of Hilary 1468.
Case notes: See also CP 40/819, rot 430.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Accounting | St Martin Vintry < Vintry Ward < London < England | (initial) 20/12/1463 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 509
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Trespass (force and arms)
Damages claimed: £20
Case type: Housebreaking; Taking of goods
Pleading: William Abell, John Dey and Thomas Mollesley, executors of John Godebehere, together with John Wynter and his wife Joan, widow and fellow executor of JG, state that on 29 November 1461, William Rasamound forcibly broke the close and house of JG, now deceased, in the parish of St Nicholas Shambles, London, and took and carried away goods and chattels worth £10, namely 6 sides of beef, 3 pieces of beef called 'cloddes of beef', four pieces of beef called 'pechis of beef', 13 ribs of beef, 20 marrow bones, 4 pieces of beef called 'poyntes of beef', 8 hind loins of beef, 28 necks ('colla') of mutton, 26 loins of mutton, 32 breasts ('pectora') of mutton, 13 loins of pork, 34 fillets of pork, 35 'chynes' of pork, and 47 hams ('gambons'). This was against the peace, and to their damage of £20. They show in court the testamentary letters of JG, by which the executors have administration
Pleading: WR granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Taking of Goods | St Nicholas Shambles < Farringdon Ward Within < London < England | (initial) 29/11/1461 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 511
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: £10
Case type: Bond; Contract (general); Sale of goods
Pleading: Edmund Bulstrode states that on 9 April 1466, in London [parish of St Michael, Bread Street ward [sic]], John Swan made a bond with him in £20, payable at St Peter ad Vincula then next, but has not paid, to his damage of £10. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: JS states that he ought not owe this debt, as at the time of the making of the bond he was a lay man and illiterate, and the bond was read to him in English as containing the following condition, namely that if EB should provide salted and fresh fish for a certain Thomas Wake at his house in London, in the parish of St Leonard, Farringdon Within ward, until Pentecost then next, then the bond shall stand, but if he did not the bond should be cancelled. JS, believing the bond contained this condition, sealed and delivered it. Therefore the bond here in court, not containing this condition, is not of his making. Parties on country, jury here at quindene of Michaelmas.
Case notes: See also similar cases on CP 40/823, rot 413d and rot 320d. Parish and ward specified are inconsistent.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Bread Street Ward < London < England |
(initial) 09/04/1466 (due) 01/08/1466 < St Peter ad Vincula |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 516
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (sale of goods)
Damages claimed: 100s
Case type: Sale of goods
Pleading: Thomas Porter states that on 10 March 1465, in London, William Seton bought from him two pieces of lawne, 6 pieces of browncloth and two pieces of Brabant cloth, all for 39s 5d, and on 8 June 1465 he bought 2 pieces of browncloth and 2 pieces of Holand cloth for 56s 10d, and on 4 September 1465 he bought one piece of browncloth for 16s 4d. This was payable on request, but WS has not paid this total of 102s 7d [sic], to his damage of 100s.
Pleading: WS granted licence to imparl quindene of Michaelmas.
Postea text: Further licence to imparl to octave of Hilary 1468.
Case notes: Figures cited do not add up to total claimed. See also CP 40/826, rot 113, possibly a continuation of this case, but with different figures.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 519
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Account
Damages claimed: £10
Case type: Contract (service/employment); Reckoning of account
Pleading: John Colard states that John Whipston was his receiver of moneys from Michaelmas 1459 for one year, and in that time received, in the parish of St Dionis in London, £8 by the hand of Thomas Baker of Ilchester. However, JW has not rendered account for this, to his damage of £10.
Pleading: JW states that JC ought not maintain his action, since after he was supposed to have received this money, namely [omitted], at Shaftesbury, he fully accounted before John Carent and John Uffenham, auditors assigned by Colard, for this time and money.
Pleading: Colard states that Carent and Uffenham were not assigned as auditors by him to hear this account, as claimed by JW. Enquiry by country, jury here at quindene of Michaelmas.
Postea text: 6 posteas, sheriff did not send writ, to quindene of Easter 1469.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Accounting | Shaftesbury < Dorset < England | |
| Service/employment Contract | St Dionis Backchurch < Langbourn Ward < London < England |
(initial) 29/09/1459 (due) 29/09/1460 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 531d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (bond)
Damages claimed: £20
Case type: Assault; Bond
Pleading: Robert Ryngbelle, son of William Ryngbelle, and Robert Fen state that on 11 November 1453, in London, John Hamond made a bond with them in £44 8s 10½d, payable at the feast of the Purification 1462. However, he has not paid, to their damage of £20. They show the bond in court.
Pleading: JH granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas, with assent of plaintiffs.
Pleading: [continued at Michaelmas 1467, rot 346d] JH states that he ought not owe this debt, as at the time of the making of this bond RR and RF made such great threats of assault and injury against him, at Nayland, that he only made the bond out of fear and under duress.
Pleading: RR and RF state that JH made this bond freely and not under any duress or threats. Enquiry by country, sheriff of Suffolk to have jury here at octave of Hilary.
Postea text: [on CP 40/825, rot 346d] Sheriff did not send writ, to quindene of Easter 1468.
Case notes: Continued on CP 40/825, rot 346d.
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 533d
Term: Trinity 1467
County: London
Writ type: Debt (sale of goods)
Damages claimed: £10
Case type: Sale of goods
Pleading: William Lovell states that on 14 October 1464, in London, William Hull bought from him 45lb of silk called 'raw silk' for £22, payable on request, but has not paid, to his damage of £10.
Pleading: WH granted licence to imparl to quindene of Michaelmas. Pledges named for defendant.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Sale of Goods | St James Garlickhithe < Vintry Ward < London < England | (initial) 14/10/1464 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 534
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Middlesex
Writ type: Debt (loan); Debt (other)
Damages claimed: 5m
Case type: Loan; Real action / rents / damage to real estate
Pleading: Robert Bothe states that at Michaelmas 1463, at Westminster, he demised to Thomas Edward a messuage with appurtenances in the parish of St Mary Woolchurch in London, to occupy for three years, at an annual rent of 28s 4d in equal portions at Christmas, Lady Day, the Nativity of St John the Baptist and Michaelmas. By virtue of this TE held the property for the said three years, but the rent of 6m 5s is in arrears and not paid. Also, on 10 November 1463, TW borrowed a further 15s from him, payable on request. However, TE has not paid either sum, to a total of 100s, to his damage of 5m.
Pleading: TE granted licence to imparl to octave of Michaelmas, with assent of plaintiff. Pledges named for defendant.
Postea text: 12 further licences to imparl, to octave of Michaelmas 1470.
| Type | Place | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Rental Agreement | Westminster < Middlesex < England | (initial) 29/09/1463 |
| Loan | Westminster < Middlesex < England | (initial) 10/11/1463 |
Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/824, rot. 554
Term: Trinity 1467
County: Essex
Writ type: Debt (bond); Debt (loan)
Damages claimed: 4m
Case type: Bond; Loan
Pleading: Thomas Brakys states that on 22 March 1463, at Abridge, Thomas Hertwell made a bond with him in 26s 8d, payable t the feast of the Purification 1467, and also, on the same day, he borrowed a further 13s 4d from him, payable on request. However, TH has not paid either debt, to a total of 40s, to his damage of 4m. He shows the bond in court.
Pleading: TH granted licence to imparl to octave of Michaelmas, with assent of TB.