O

oaths of allegiance and supremacy:
-, decree ordering administration of, 188n.

O'Brien, Capt. Charles, commander of the Leopard, 237n.

oil:
-, cargoes of, from Gallipoli, 34.
-, exported from France for Holland, 37.
-, English ship going to Apulia for, 143, 145; to Naples for, 304.

Oldenburg, Oldeburgh, count of. See Anthony Gunther.

Omala. See Marie, duchess of Nemours.

Oñate, Ognate, Don Marco, envoy from Flanders to England, 323n.
-, pays respects to king and queen, 318; Molina will inform of affairs, 321.
-, expected to remain as minister for Spain, 321.

O'Neill, Daniel, postmaster general, 319n.

Orange, House of:
-, partisans of treating for separate peace, 63; people acclaim Tromp and, 65; party increasing, 67.
-, believed to be in great peril, 74; de Witt opposed to, 86.
-, choice of Hague for congress, suspicious because of, 137, 139, 144.
-, Breda in dominions of, 146; English displeased to see suffering wrong, 201.

-, prince of. See Nassau, Henry Frederick of; Maurice of; William III of.

Orkney, Orcade, islands:
-, van Ghent cruising off, 177.

Orleans, duchess of. See Henrietta Anne.

-, duke of. See Philip.

Ormonde, duke of. See Butler, James.

Ostend [Prop. W. Flanders, Belgium]: 14.
-, letter dated at, 175n.
-, Rainbow takes refuge at, 19; supplied English fleet with gunpowder, 28; Cuvette flees to, 67.
-, activity of French privateers injures trade of, 126; ships of taking goods to England to be attacked, 130.
-, talk of sending French squadron to, 165; French keeping quiet about, 168.
-, English troops landed at, 168n; English levies crossing to, 176.
-, ships of, with English levies, stopped and released, 175.
-, envoy from Madrid carried to, 176; Mocenigo travels to, 240; well received at, 241.
-, capture of English levies going to France off, 191–2; busy privateering against French, 194.
-, English demand cession of, 195; Dutch demand as pledge for help, 199; French offer to England, 210.
-, bonfires lighted at for Don John, 241.

Ottoman power. See Turkey.

Overyssel, Uruisel, province of, Netherlands:
-, eager for peace, indifferent about place of meeting, 144.

Oxford, co. Oxford:
-, Admiralty Court at, 1.
-, University, Magdalen College, Henry Howard educated at, 275n.

Oxford, royal navy:
-, to convoy stores from Gothenburg, 99n, 124n.

P

Padua [Prop. Padova, Italy]:
-, despatch dated at, 222.
-, University of, many English gentlemen with degree of, 275.

Palatinate [German Empire]:
-, Rupert no longer interested in, 312.

Palatine, Elector, of the Rhine. See Charles Louis.

-, Prince. See Rupert.

Pampus [Zuyder Zee, Netherlands]:
-, ships leave for Texel, 160.

papal nuncios. See under ambassadors.

Papillon, Thomas, deputy of E. India Co. to Breda, 158.

Paris, France: 44.
-, despatches dated at, 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 12–13, 17, 19, 23, 25, 27–9, 32, 35, 37, 41, 47, 51, 54, 57, 61–2, 64–5, 68, 71, 73–4, 78–9, 81, 83, 87–8, 92, 95, 98–9, 102–3, 106–7, 109, 111, 113, 117–8, 120, 122, 125–8, 130–1, 133, 135, 138–43, 145–53, 157, 160, 162, 165–9, 171, 175, 177, 179–85, 187–8, 190–2, 194, 201–2, 205–6, 208, 210–1, 214–5, 217, 221, 227, 243, 306, 314.
-, negotiations opened at, 21; Konigsmarck leaves, 101.
-, Embrun expected to write to, for instructions, 117.
-, French would prefer congress to be at, 137; possible place for congress, 148.
-, van Beuningen living at, 141; Lionne returns to, 168.
-, beating up for recruits in, 145; sons of Henry Howard students at, 186; Monmouth arrives at, 213, 214n.
-, mission of Pimentel at, 299; establishment of Gobelins factory at, 300.

-, Parlement de, President of. See Potier, Nicolas, Sieur de Novion.

Parker, Thomas, lord Morley and Monteagle:
-, arraigned, 9n.

parliament:
-, meeting to discuss rebuilding of city and relief of fire victims, 81; plans for rebuilding, 86.
-, will not listen to ministers on peace negotiations, 86; first decision to furnish money for war, 94; asks king to prosecute war vigorously, 96.
-, resolution to support king's foreign policy, 94; votes supplies for war, 94n, 96–7, 103.
-, proposal to forbid commerce with France, 101; shows determination on war, 106.
-, not altogether satisfied with the king, 103; king trying to get money from, 114.
-, quarrel between Albemarle and Clarendon keeps Houses of at cross purposes, 110.
-, to dissolve after granting money, 114; king unwilling to decide anything before dissolved, 120; king would like to dismiss but needs money, 130; king dismisses after money grant, 134.
-, petitions king for inquiry about public moneys, 126; severity in collection of money granted by, 138.
-, dismissing of affords good hope of peace, 134; naturally antipathetic to French, 173.
-, king reassembles, 172; king anxious about reception of peace by, 176; consent of not awaited, 177; attitude to peace, 180.
-, Lisola expects advantages from, for Flanders, 173; efforts to win over leading men of, to king's side, 179.
-, reassembles, business postponed, 179; refuses to consent to retain large body of troops, 180.
-, king dismisses, 180; Clarendon's fall will render more vigorous, 183.
-, caution with Clarendon necessary because of, 181; Lisola stirs against Clarendon, 184.
-, Ruvigny to arrange with Clarendon for reducing power of, 184; not unfriendly to France, 190.
-, reassembling of will throw more light on affairs, 185, 187; Vienna waiting to learn decision about Flanders, 193.
-, hope that birth of prince will soften towards Clarendon, 187; concessions made to keep all well affected, 191.
-, Charles dismissed Catholic troops to please, 188; forbids levy for France, granted by king, 194.
-, inquiry of, into sale of Dunkirk, 193–4.
-, charges against Coventry in, 194.
-, too busy in dealing with internal calamities, 194; one of English factions, 195.
-, suspicion that Ruvigny bribing, 195; Dutch waiting for outcome of, 196.
-, disputes in over Clarendon, 201; Louis afraid of offending by giving asylum to, 202.
-, order inquiry into authority granted by king to, 204; Charles cannot appeal to, about debts because of huge grants, 329.
-, Clarendon's letter read in and condemned, 204–5; sentence of exile on Clarendon, 206.
-, king postpones meeting of, 231; sitting for adjournment only, 251.
-, opposition to Clarendon's return from, 267, 312.
-, king restrained by anti-French feeling of, 314.
-, price of postage fixed by, 318–9.
-, meets and prorogues, no dissolution as new one might be less docile, 321.

-, See also Commons, House of; Lords, House of.

Parma [Prov. Parma, Italy]:
-, Howard going to, 31.

Paul, Pol, Chevalier, fleet under, for Mediterranean, 172.

peace:
-, Swedish move for mediation, 2, 5, 24; thoughts of resuming, 53; fresh proposals, 57; king's reply, 79.
-, expected move of emperor for, 9; English merchant offers to exert himself for, 46.
-, France anxious to procure by every means, 18, 61, 79; Louis using queen mother to keep negotiations going, 63.
-, Charles wishes to be universal, 21; English wish to exclude France from, 46; Charles ready to include France and Denmark in, 66.
-, difficulty about place for discussing, 53; Dutch urge acceptance of place chosen by mediators, 79; Jermyn going about, 99.
-, Dutch in no condition to make without France, 62; English wish for separate, with Dutch, 87, 98.
-, Friquet deals with England for separate with Dutch, 62; Charles expresses desire for, to Dutch, 65; Swedish ambassadors report his strong disposition for, 67.
-, anxiety of Venice for, 68–9, 91, 108, 178.
-, Dutch reply to Charles about, 73–4; Charles reproves Dutch for attitude to, 101.
-, Dutch leaning to, conduct of allies may strengthen, 78; Dutch leave nothing untried to bring about, 110, 156.
-, believed that negotiations might settle during winter, 79; French help promised to Dutch if negotiations unsuccessful, 88.
-, possible effect of great fire on English attitude to, 81; Lionne's remarks on, 83.
-, Swedes give up hope of, resent queen mother's intervention, 91; Konigsmarck explains action about, 94.
-, Molina confident about, as generally desired, 93; Spain would welcome with Dutch but not with France, 98; reports of separate negotiations with France, 118, 121.
-, Dutch ready to listen to Swedes about, 101; van Beuninghen hopeful about, 114.
-, discussions and decisions about place for negotiation, 106–7, 109, 110, 113, 116, 120, 124, 134, 137, 139, 140, 147.
-, varying humour of England about, 119, 120, 142, 144, 147; Dutch desire for, 121, 126.
-, Lisola's intrigues against, 125, 131, 134; Spaniards expect to be followed by rupture with them, 133.
-, Jermyn supposed to have proposals for, 130; believed to be near, 140, 142.
-, Charles would like to dissolve parliament in order to arrange better, 130; dismissal of parliament offers good hope of, 134.
-, talk about does not prevent preparations for war, 138; English announce that moved sincerely for, 146.
-, arrangements and preliminaries for, 141, 144.
-, Dutch believe admission of emperor will delay, 150; Lisola trying to thwart or to get Austria included in, 155.
-, project for guaranteeing proper fulfilment of, when made, 153.
-, Danish claim likely to hinder, 157; Brandenburg offers mediation for, 159.
-, Swedish representations to Charles not to sign till Dona's negotiations concluded, 161; Swedish assurances to Dutch about, 164–5; doubts about Swedish attitude to, 173.
-, French pressure on Dutch about, 162, 165; not well received in France, 177.
-, upset by Medway raid, 169, 171; Charles leaves decision upon to parliament, 172; doubts about parliament's attitude to, 176, 179; ill temper of parliament over, 194.
-, Gamarra's offer to Dutch for conclusion of, 176.
-, rests on feeble foundations, 201.

-, See also under Breda.

-, between the crowns of France and Spain:

Dutch demands as price of their intervention for, 199, 200; Dutch inclined to force on Spain, English object, 206; Dutch object in securing, 299.

proposed joint mediation of English and Dutch for, 200; union of England, Sweden and Holland for, 215; to ensure observance, 246.

English prime movers in action about, 213; considerations upon, 213–4.

Louis speaks bitterly to Trevor about, 215; Dutch want English to co-operate at Paris to secure observance of, 253.

Venetian satisfaction over, 219; Charles given credit for, 233; Temple given credit for, 320.

Spaniards trying to settle the few difficulties in, 299.

insecurity of, 316; Sandwich regrets that France not made to disgorge by, 318.

-, between Spain and Portugal:

party in Spain advocates, 3; Sandwich speaks to Zorzi about, 20–1, 39.

Sandwich expected to unfold proposals for, 33; his arguments for, 38–9; he devotes his chief energies to, 43.

attitude of ministers to proposals, 47; strong declaration of Sandwich upon, 47–8; reply to Sandwich about, 65–6.

considered necessary preliminary to alliance with England, 59; negotiation of, used by England to promote alliance, 84–5.

reported concluded in Paris, 68, 70; Fuentes denies and explains Spanish policy about, 71.

Sandwich fears that beyond hope, 75; Spaniards justify deliberation over, 89.

Sandwich working more for alliance than, 97; he presents paper about, 104; further statement on, 105.

Carlingford's efforts to get imperial support for, 99; Pötting urges ministers to embrace English proposals about, 100, 169; emperor insists on, 167.

Medina's remarks about, 107; Molina to make representations to Charles upon, 115.

ticklish position of, 108; Portugal rejects all compromise about, 111; Sandwich discouraged about, 112.

Spanish suspicious of England over, 115; threats of Sandwich, if rejected, 120, 132.

objection of nuncio to English interference in, 116; papal mediation declined, 186.

Sandwich resumes negotiations for, 122; Spanish concessions about, 128; Godolphin's remarks upon, 131.

French efforts to prevent, 138, 193; disturbed again, 143; obstructions in way of, 163, 188.

would give Spain friendship of England and protect Flanders, 142; peril of Flanders may lead Spain to make, 154.

Spanish naval activity may force upon Portugal, 149; desire for in Portugal, 199, 202, 208.

negotiations taken out of Sandwich's hands, 173; Spain decides to deal directly with Portugal upon, 182.

decision to refer to England again, 183; fresh proposals about, 186.

Sandwich waiting for final decision about, 192; he comments on difficulties in the way of, 197–8.

Marquis of Liche has powers to sign, 192; Liche keeping negotiation alive, 197; referred to Liche, 207.

surprising deliberation and hesitation over at Madrid, 196–9; Spanish charges against Sandwich about, 207.

Sandwich asks for powers to treat, 199; powers given to him, 208; he treats for at Lisbon, 214.

Portugal asks English guarantee for, 201; Sandwich hailed at Lisbon as harbinger of, 212; Portuguese acclamations for Sandwich for, 217–8.

every means being employed underhand to obtain, 207; terms of, 216.

Sandwich congratulated upon, 217–8; glory of attributed to Charles, 233.

Sandwich in disgrace over, 248.

-, between Venice and the Turks:

suggested mediation of Harvey for, 233–8, 242, 244–5, 286; orders given to Harvey for, 258; Harvey takes offence at rejection, 322.

proposed joint action of England and France at Porte, to compel, 239, 286, 294, 303, 317; not approved by Senate, 247; but to be toyed with, 248.

Arlington says Venice should seek, rather than help to prosecute war, 254.

Mocenigo avoids committing himself about, 259, 262; he will take every opportunity to discountenance, 266.

Mocenigo removing misapprehension about, 322, 324, 328.

Pearl, royal navy:
-, to convoy stores from Gothenburg, 99n.

Pedro, Pietro, prince, later regent of Portugal:
-, marries his brother's wife, 199; great difficulties in way of dispensation for, 208.
-, acting in brother's name, 202; Marquis of Liche very intimate with, 207.
-, means to take crown from brother, 202; some voices against, at Lisbon, 212.
-, Sandwich cannot treat with, without orders, 206; Sandwich has no powers to treat with, 208; Sandwich greatly honoured by, 214.
-, wants peace, 208; English fleet may be sent against, 221; Portuguese ambassador mentions only, not king, 321.

Peñaranda, Pegnoranda, count of. See Bracamonte, Gaspard de.

Pentland Hill, Midlothian, Scotland:
-, Dalziel routs rebels at, 117n.

Pera, of Constantinople, Turkey:
-, despatches dated at, 44, 55, 222, 225.
-, letter dated at, 160.

Peru, S. America:
-, fleet of, Peruchian fleet, 191.

Philip IV, king of Spain:
-, invasion of Flanders expected on death of, 53; Sandwich says Fanshawe's powers expired with death of.. 93; accepted English mediation, 104.

-, duke of Holstein-Glucksburg, 237n.

-, duke of Orleans, Monsieur:

king entertains at banquet, 27.

-, William, Count Palatine of Neuburg, Neoburgo:

candidate for Polish crown, 294; Dutch indifferent about, 299.

Picardy, France:
-, troops sent to, for winter quarters, 95.

Pietro. See Pedro.

Pignoranda. See Bracamonte, Gaspard de, count of Peñaranda.

Pimentel, Pimentelli, Don Antonio, de Prada, Spanish minister at Paris, 299.

Pisa [Prov. Pisa, Italy]:
-, despatches dated at, 127, 130, 133, 209.
-, Finch goes to Leghorn when Court at, 127.

pitch:
-, English ships with, burned, 68.

plague:
-, prevalent in fleet, 6; still persists in England, 53; reduction of population by, 210.
-, at Dunkirk, 79; at Brussels, 232, 241; at Antwerp, 241; spreading in Flanders, 249, 268.
-, has not served to abate spirit of English, 94; referred to, 174, 224.
-, English deputies leave Breda on pretext of, 174.
-, at Rouen, 268.
-, fear of, in England, 268.

Plessis Praslin, Plessis, comte du. See Choiseul, Cæsar de.

Plymouth, Plimut, co. Devon:
-, fleet withdraws to, 6; van Ghent sails to engage English off, 156.
-, Harvey sails from, 271.

Plymouth, royal navy, captures Dutch ship for E. Indies, 177n.

Pol. See Paul.

Poland, election of king matter of general concern, 294; Borel refers to, 299, 300.

-, king of. See John Casimir II; Sigismund III.

Poleron. See Pulo Run.

Pompone, seigneur de. See Andilly, Arnaud de.

pope:
-, Giustinian to pay particular attention to offices of representative of in Paris, 178.
-, Spain decides to seek mediation of, about Portugal, 179.
-, See Alexander VII; Clement IX.

Porte, Armand Charles de la, duke Mazarin, governor of Brittany:
-, reports sighting English fleet, 1; rich cargoes for captured by English, 133.

Porte. See Turkey.

Portland, royal navy:
-, deputed for passage of prince of Tuscany, 320n.

Porto Longone, Elba:
-, French galleys take refuge at, 155.

-, Sta Maria. See Puerto Sta Maria.

Portsmouth, Portmut, co. Hants: English fleet reported at, 72.

Portsmouth, royal navy, chases French galleys, 155n.

Portugal: 57, 318, 321.
-, party in Spain advocates peace with, 3; Embrun offers mediation with, 12.
-, Fanshaw reprimanded for negotiations with, 4; Sandwich speaks to Zorzi on adjustment with, 20–1.
-, Beaufort in waters of, 7; French proposal for victualling, 12; French supplying with wheat, 26; Spaniards intercept wheat for, 34.
-, Sandwich expected to unfold projects for adjustment with, 33; his arguments for adjustment with, 38–9.
-, claimed that Beaufort of use in waters of, 36, 45; French policy to keep at war, 71.
-, English offer of mediation with, 39; Sandwich devotes chief energies to adjustment with, 43; adjustment necessary preliminary to Anglo-Spanish alliance, 59.
-, reply to Sandwich about his uncompromising answer to, 47; question not easy, 58; Council's reply to Sandwich about, 65.
-, peace with Spain reported at Paris, 68, 70; negotiations for advanced, 71; Spaniards dissatisfied with replies from, 95.
-, Dutch burn ships bound for, 68n.
-, Sandwich thinks point about is beyond hope, 75; Fernandez sent to sound Sandwich about, 84.
-, French fleet escorted bride to, 79; Sandwich working for alliance more than adjustment with, 97.
-, imperial influence invoked for peace with, 99; Pötting urges abandonment of punctilio about, 100.
-, Junta begins to discuss again, 102; Sandwich presents paper on, Medina sees him about, 104; Sandwich's offer about, 105; Charles's obligations over, 113.
-, ticklish state of negotiations with, 108; Spaniards write to London about replies from, 114.
-, Spaniards ask for fulfilment of Charles's promise to coerce, 111; Spain could get as good an adjustment with, without mediators, 112.
-, Spaniards want king's promise not to help, 115; negotiations with France intended to moderate English proposals about, 116.
-, French propose mediation with, 117; French try to upset negotiations with Spain, 119.
-, missions sent from, to France and England, 119; blockade of coasts by Spanish fleet, 149.
-, 1667:
-,-, question of adjustment with, 120; Sandwich resumes negotiations about, 122; nature of English obligation about, 128–9, 135.
-,-, France wants to keep wound of open, 122; Spaniards mistaken in referring question of to France, 129.
-,-, disposition in Spain for truce with, 125; dealings with referred to England, 128.
-,-, Council refuses to treat of trade separately from, 135; inclusion in treaty impossible, 162.
-,-, troops from Rochelle supposed to be going to, 138.
-,-, English readiness for peace promotes affair of, 140; position of, in relations between England, France and Spain, 142.
-,-, protest to France, need for help, 149; will be foolish not to accept English offers, 154; Council in Spain inclined to treat separately with, 163.
-,-, advantage to Spain of settlement with, 162; Council does not favour truce with, 164; emperor urges peace with, 167, 180.
-,-, all business of remains in hands of Sandwich, 164; Sandwich points out alteration of position with, 169.
-,-, Swedish ships given passports for, 164; Spain will only discuss truce with, 169; affair of entrusted to Caracena, 172–3.
-,-, Sandwich lacks full powers about, 171; Sandwich no longer has any hand in affair of, 173; difficulties over peace with, 188.
-,-, Spain to seek papal mediation about, 179; Spain decides to refer question of to Charles, 183.
-,-, Spain decides to treat with, as between kings, 182–3, 186; Sandwich sees ministers for final decision about, 192.
-,-, Sandwich promises accommodating spirit in, 187; difficulties over recognition, Sandwich claims to be able to handle, 189.
-,-, nature of response from awaited, 190.
-,-, dissensions in royal house of, 190; Sandwich may mediate with, 193.
-,-, marquis of Liche to be proxy of queen regent with, 192; he asks powers to deal with, 197.
-,-, Sandwich avoiding giving reasons for journey to, 196; astonishing manner of proceedings about, 196; many juntas held about, 198.
-,-, people flattered by hope of peace, 199; people tumultuously calling for peace, 202.
-,-, asks guarantee of peace from Charles, 201; Sandwich without authority from, 209.
-,-, estates to meet to form government, 202.
-,-, Spaniards sceptical of Sandwich's power to treat for, 207; Sandwich has nothing certain from, 208.
-,-, Spain employing every means for peace with, 207.
-, 1668:
-,-, suspicion that Charles has eye on succession to, 208.
-,-, warm welcome for Sandwich in, 211; triumphal progress of Sandwich through, 217.
-,-, general desire for peace, 212; articles of peace with, 216; Sandwich puffed up over, 218.
-,-, party of France declined in, 212.
-,-, Dutch claim on, for unpaid debt, 221.
-,-, peace with Spain, due to Charles, 233; mission of Gascoign to, 277.
-,-, English troops back from, 309; Prince of Tuscany travelling in, 319.
-,-, left to defend its own coasts, 327.

-, Cortes of, desire for peace, 212.

king of. See Alfonso VI.

prince and regent of. See Pedro.

queen of. See Marie.

Postmaster-General, office set up, 319n.

posts:
-, officials of, require Mocenigo to pay for both in and out letters, 249, 269, 287.
-, great personages interested in, 287; particulars of arrangements for, 318–9.
-, Mocenigo pays for, both ways, 319.
-, rates of postage, 319.

Potemkin, —, Russian ambassador to Spain:
-, leaving, present to, 220.

Potier, Nicolas, Sieur de Novion, president of the Parlement of Paris:
-, mission to Madrid suspended, 57.

Pötting, Eusebius count, imperial ambassador in Spain:
-, surprised at behaviour of Sandwich, 4; urges advantage of English alliance, 55, 89, 100.
-, wished to confer with Southwell, not allowed, 85; reports complaints of Carlingford about Spanish procedure, 89; reply to, justifying deliberation, id.
-, says they should ask Sandwich for declarations, 89; calls on Sandwich and raises same point, gets courteous but inconclusive answer, 90.
-, urges abandonment of punctilio with Portugal, 100; great activity trying to smoothe matters, 136.
-, opposed to listening to Embrun's proposals, 116; enlarges on feebleness of Spanish policy, 169.
-, receives sudden orders to stop, 136; says it would be well if there were money to help Flanders, 151; informed of decision about Portugal, 186; efforts to remove difficulties, 187.
-, quite in the dark about Portuguese negotiations, 207.

powder. See gunpowder,

prisoners, English gentleman at Paris for exchange of, 124.

Prophet Elias, of Bristol: captured off La Rochelle, 127,140.

Provence, France: 185.
-, Huguenots of, invite English, 64.
-, Cardinals sail from, 155.

Providence, Santa Caterina, Cattarina, island of, W. Indies:
-, taken by English privateers, Spanish remonstrances about, 97; Molina remonstrates about, 110.

Prudence Mary:
-, attacked by Centurione, escapes, 191.

Puerto Sta Maria, Porto Sta Maria [Cadiz, Spain]:
-, Westcomb imprisoned at, 192.

Pulo Run, Poleron, E. Indies:
-, restitution likely to cause difficulties, 148; French want English to renounce claim to, 162.

Puy, Alexander du, Marquis de St. André, St. Andrea Alombrun:
-, director of defence of Candia, Monk asks about, 227; arrival puts new life into garrison, 258.

-, Jean du, marquis de Montbrun, 227.