H

Hafìz, Achmet, the Grand Vizier, 887, 890, 923, 931, 936, 950;

dismissed, 960, 963.

Haider Pasha, ex-viceroy of Algiers, 140.

Hainault, Governor of, 1131.

Halil Pasha, 447, 821, 825, 849, 878, 936, 1004.

Ham, 449.

Hamburg, 161;

trade of, with Venice, in grain, 501;

military stores belonging to merchants of, destined for Spain seized in England, 775;

cloth trade of, and English, 1030;

ship owned in seized by English, 1105.

Hanse towns, English trade with, 182;

historical review of, and imperial decree concerning, 611;

invited to interrupt English and Dutch trade, 624;

effects of interruption of trade with England, 769 (see Hamburg);

Aulic Council's deliberations on relations of, to England and cloth trade, 1030;

representatives of, at Copenhagen conference, touching Danish toll on Baltic trade, 1152;

their detestation of the English, 1160. See also Hamburg.

Hasan Jemisgi, appointed Grand Vizier, 960, 963.

Hassalz or Hessels, Andrew de, Councillor of Brabant, 773.

Hassan Pasha, defeated Turkish general, 221;

hangs Mariani, 524;

in command at Keresztes, 524;

negotiates peace with Germany, 555, 573;

his maltreatment of Transylvanian messenger, 576;

his punishment demanded as murderer of German envoy, 623, 636.

Hassan, renegade of Piacenza, 40, 45, 51, 82.

-, the Eunuch, appointed Grand Vizier, 627, 636, 647;

deposition and execution of, 678, 680.

Hastings, Francis, Earl of Huntingdon, his title to English crown, 1143.

Havana, Spanish fleet at (1593), 137, 152;

English designs on, 158;

English fleet sails for (1594), 280;

Spanish treasure fleet leaves, 306,

winters at, 308;

English fleet sails for (1595), 344, 360,

arrives off, 386;

Drake lands at (1596), 395, 396, 406, 414, 420, 438;

treasure fleet from, reaches Spain, 493;

English designs on (1597), 566;

treasure fleet leaves, 629;

Earl of Cumberland sails for (1598), 738;

capture (1603) of treasure ships from, 1159.

Havre, 542.

Hawkins, John, reported killed in command of English ships off Porto Ricco, 406;

homeward bound, 414;

defeated, 420.

Henry II. of France, and the peace of A.D. 1559, 592, 597.

Henry IV. of France and Navarre (1592), reinforced from England, 1.

-, -, his reported visit to England, 7.

-, -, besieges Rouen, 1, 8, 9, 26, 39.

-, -, reinforced from Netherlands, 16.

-, -, his operations against Duke of Parma, 10, 17, 23, 24, 27, 38, 42.

-, -, worsted in skirmish by Duke, and wounded, 25

-, -, his cause supported by English Ambassador at Porte, 14, 20, 31, 56.

-, -, defeats Duke of Guise, 33.

-, -, invites Leaguers to reconciliation, 42, 44.

-, -, reinforced by Dutch and English, 44.

-, -, his poverty reckoned on by Spaniards, 48.

-, -, his conversion to Roman Catholicism desired by Duke of Mayenne, 52.

-, -, resumes siege of Rouen, 54, 60.

-, -, offers easy terms to Duke of Mayenne, 60.

-, -, his operations against the Duke of Parma, 61, 62, 63, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74.

-, -, his assassination intended, 71.

-, -, his “conversion” canvassed, 73.

-, -, brilliant success of, against Duke of Parma, 75, 76.

-, -, his peace negotiations with Parisians, 76, 77.

-, -, fortifies Gournay, to blockade Paris, 86.

-, -, letters to and from the Porte, 31, 89, 96, 104, 114, 115.

-, -, receives special embassy from England, 97.

-, -, reinforced by English troops from Flanders, 99, 102, 106.

-, -, urged by Porte to accredit Ambassador, 104, 110.

-, -, averse to employing foreign troops in France, 106.

-, -, urged by Elizabeth of England to become a Roman Catholic, 107.

-, -, Turkish support of, 113.

-, (1593), reinforced from England, 118, 135.

-, -, Pope's views on his “conversion,” 130.

-, -, prepares for campaign, 135.

-, -, recruiting for, in Italy, 139.

-, -, leaves for Dieppe, 142.

-, -, mission sent by, to ask English aid, 146.

-, -, reinforced from England, 157, 166.

-, -, English aid for, diverted to Scotland, 167.

-, -, English aid for, under separate command, 175.

-, -, Spanish schemes to exclude, from French throne, 186.

-, -, “conversion” rumoured, its effect, 188, 192,

-, -, captures Dreux, 192.

-, -, makes his “conversion,” in St. Denys', 193, 194, 208.

-, -, Swiss levies for, 192, 205.

-, -, the Pope and his “conversion,” 207, 215.

-, -, Elizabeth of England and the same, 216, 230, 232.

-, -, official service of thanks for “conversion,” by ambassador to Turk, 223.

-, -, effects of peace in Flanders on, 226.

-, -, effects of “conversion” of, on Turkish mind, 227.

-, -, in Normandy and Dieppe, his attitude to Elizabeth, 229, 235, 238.

-, -, embarrassment of, quâ English alliance, 238, 239.

-, -, proposes to send his sister to influence Elizabeth, 241.

-, (1594), forces of, 243, 249.

-, -, growing strength of, due to “conversion” and personal charm, 247.

-, -, motives of his “conversion” alleged to English ambassador, 254.

-, -, his proposals for English alliance, 255.

-, -, admitted grand master of Saint Esprit, 256.

-, -, position of, improving in France, 263.

-, -, enters Paris, 272.

-, -, Turkish reply to, 281.

-, -, co-operates with English against Spanish in Brittany, 283.

-, -, his answer to Elizabeth, quâ Prince de Condé, 300.

-, -, reinforcements for, from England, 301, 306.

-, -, negotiations of, with England, for defence of Brittany, 309, 322, 338.

-, -, epigrams of, 310, 448, 590, 632, 697.

-, (1595), his attempted assassination, 321.

-, -, war declared by, on Spain, 331, 376, 571.

-, -, “re-beoediction” of, 352, 363, 368.

-, -, his generosity to Spanish prisoner, 362.

-, -, English aid for, 370,

re-called, 376.

-, -, special embassy to, from England, 376,

its failure, 383.

-, -, loans raised for, 376, 399, 445, 455.

-, -, Scots in pay of, 379.

-, -, bargains with England and Holland for aid, 380.

-, -, fresh mission from to England, 383, 384, 385, 390, 397.

-, -, Lord Burghley's ill-will to, 384.

-, (1596), English negotiations with, 397, 398, 403, 410.

-, -, loans to, from Tuscany and Venice, 399.

-, -, left unsupported by England owing to Cadiz expedition under Essex, 419.

-, -, advances to relieve Calais, 423, 424,

delayed by negotiations with England, 428, 431.

-, -, designs of, on Sicily, 423.

-, -, mission from to Spain, to announce his “absolution,” 430.

-, -, gallant attitude of, after loss of Calais, 431.

-, -, Papal mission to, 435, 449.

-, -, takes La Fère, 435, 442, 445, 451.

-, -, English aid for. 445, 449.

-, -, Huguenots and. See Huguenots.

-, -, loses Ardres, 448, 449.

-, -, insubordination and threats of own officers, 449.

-, -, generosity of, to M. de Belin. See Belin.

-, -, treaty between Holland, England and, signed, 449, 455, 464, 474, 486, 522, 569.

-, -, his opinion of sack of Cadiz, 477.

-, -, Elizabeth's advice to, quá peace with Spain, 483.

-, -, his coronation expected, 483, 500,

scene at, 503.

-, -, embassy from, to England, 487, 490.

-, -, his promises, made under compulsion, voidable, 487.

-, -, English embassy to, with “garter,” 490, 503.

-, -, mission from, to Holland, 504.

-, -, Irish rebellion delays English reinforcements for, 510;

joined by, 512.

-, -, co-operation of, with England in Turkey, for despatch of fleet. 514.

-, -, his taste for war, 521.

-, -, attitude of the Grisons to, 522.

-, (1597), peace negotiations of, with Spain, 533, 536, 537, 543, 547, 549, 550, 552, 557, 562, 575, 578, 579, 584, 586, 587, 588, 595, 597, 605, 610.

-, -, his refusal to allow English to capture and keep Calais, 549, 569.

-, -, loss of Amiens, 553,

his advance towards, 556.

-, regards peace with Spain as prelude to civil war, 556.

-, -, case of Paul Mariani announced to, 556.

-, -, his demands touching English troops at Rouen, 569, 575.

-, -, his anxiety and reproaches touching war with Spain, 571.

-, -, refuses truce with Spain, 575;

again entertains, 578, 579, 584;

verbatim report of his views on, 586.

-, -, Venetian loan to, 399,

refused, 586

-, -, his dislike of English ambassador, 586.

-, -, agent from, to England, 587, 592.

-, -, peace negotiations of, through General of Franciscans, 592, 597, 598.

-, -, Queen Elizabeth's message to, and threat, 592.

-, -, besieges Amiens, 597, 598, 604, 613;

takes it, 614, 616.

-, -, Philip II's. opinion of his conduct as a Catholic, 610

-, -, narrow escape of, 613.

-, -, meeting of, with Cardinal Archduke, 614, 620.

-, -, his peace terms, 620, 632, 633.

-, -, his reply to parliament of Paris, 632.

-, -, negotiates to retain English troops, 632, 633.

-, -, surrender of Calais required by, as condition of peace, 633, 644.

-, -, truce or peace, desired by, 637, 644, 645.

-, -, embassy from, to Elizabeth, 633, 637, 646.

-, -, historical summary of aid received by, from England and Holland, 650.

-, (1598), negotiations of, leading to peace of Vervins, 648, 650, 651, 656, 658, 661, 663, 664, 665, 667, 668, 669, 670, 672, 674, 675, 677, 681, 684, 686. See Vervins.

-, -, Huguenot armed opposition to, 652.

-, -, goes to Brittany, 664,

which submits to him, thereby reducing whole kingdom to his allegiance, 672.

-, -, at Nantes, 684.

-, -, desire of, for inclusion of England and Holland in peace, 697.

-, -, Spanish hostages released by, 715.

-, -, interview with, 723.

-, -, desires continuance of war between England and Spain, 733.

-, (1599), leave given by, to Dutch envoy, to recruit infantry in France, 774, 778,;

withdrawn, 793.

-, -, expected breach between, and Spain, over Saluzzo, 780, 782, 845, 856, 875, 889, 892.

-, -, proposed visit of, to Calais, 785.

-, -, funeral provided by, for Duchess of Beaufort, 791.

-, -, proposals for his second marriage, 791, 856, 880, 883.

-, -, denies use of Brest by Spanish fleet, against England, 807.

-, (1600), offer by United Netherlands to place themselves under his protection, 839.

-, -, apparent wish of, for conclusion of peace between England and Spain, 854.

-, -, promising intrigue for his election as King of the Romans, 875, 880, 888, 889.

-, -, represented at Chapter of Garter, 876, 881.

-, -, subventions from, to United Netherlands, 876,

Spanish complaints of, 911.

-, -, treasure accumulated by, 877, 880.

-, -, his proposed marriage with Marie de' Medicis, 880.

-, -, Elizabeth's jealousy of, 883;

his demand for Arabella Stuart in marriage, 883.

-, -, in the event of trouble with Spain over Saluzzo, would prevent conclusion of Anglo-Spanish peace, 889.

-, -, breach between, and Spain imminent, on question of Saluzzo, 892, 911, 912, 915, 916, 919, 920.

-, his arrival at Lyons delayed by expectation of Queen Elizabeth's death, 900.

-, -, title of “King of Navarre” ascribed to, in treaty of Vervins, consequent refusal of Philip III. to ratify, 908, 911.

-, -, national support of his policy, 916.

-, -, Venetian congratulations to, on marriage, 929.

-, (1601), terms of peace concluded by, with Savoy, 948, 984.

-, -, his reported appointment as Queen Elizabeth's executor, 958.

-, -, complains of pillage of French by English ships, 1000;

satisfaction made, 1007.

-, -, his refusal to intercede on Essex's behalf, 1006.

-, -, implicates Huguenots in Essex plot, 1006.

-, -, Scottish embassy to, with congratulations on his marriage, English suspicions of, 1007.

-, -, threatens to grant letters of marque against English, 1007.

-, -, outstanding debt of, to Elizabeth, 1006,

and other English grievances against, 1010, 1019.

-, -, watches siege of Ostend from Calais, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1016.

-, -, complimentary embassy of Marshal de Biron sent by, to England, 1014;

its splendour, 1017;

its return, 1018;

its object, 1019;

its reception, 1020;

particulars of, 1023, 1035.

-, -, Papal efforts to preserve peace between, and Spain, 1023.

-, -, aid supplied by, to Dutch, 1023.

-, -, his concern at Spanish invasion of Ireland, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1154.

-, -, despatches embassy to Scotland, 1025.

-, -, his ambassador in Spain arrested, retaliates, 1026, 1028.

-, -, schemes for his succession to the English crown, 1035.

-, -, sends M. de Beaumont as (commercial) ambassador to England, 1036, 1072.

-, -, urged by Pope to suspend diplomatic relations with United Netherlands, 1041.

-, (1602), Queen Elizabeth's reported offer to, of Flushing and Brill, 1047.

-, -, his approximation to English and Dutch alliance, in opposition to Spain, 1060, 1075, 1079.

-, -, his sense of Queen Elizabeth's services to France and Europe, 1075;

his admiration of her ability, 1079.

-, -, English Ambassador accredited to, 1092.

-, -, Scottish Ambassador Extraordinary accredited to, 1092, 1094;

Biron's conspiracy against, 1094, 1109.

-, -, urged to attack Spain, to avenge plots, 1095.

-, -, English and Dutch jealousy of tranquillity enjoyed by, 1097.

-, (1603), his suspicions of the Duke de Bouillon, and Huguenots, 1111;

English representations on Duke's behalf, 1129.

-, -, English league proposed to, against Spain, 1129.

-, -, intercedes with Queen Elizabeth for Earl of Tyrone, 1132, 1154.

-, -, his design to surprise Geneva, 1142.

-, -, supports Venetian agent in England, 1162.

-, -, fatal illness of Queen Elizabeth announced to, at Metz, 1164, 1173.

Henry VI. of England, Statute of, touching goods of neutrals, 1171, 1172.

Henry VIII. of England, descent from, and kinship to, of claimants to Crown, 1143.

Herbert, Doctor, 883 n.

-, Secretary, 881.

“Hereford, Viscount, Lord Ferrers” (sic), alleged Catholic Irish treason of, 520;

alleged Catholic leanings of (“Viscount Ferrers”), 547. See Devereux, Robert, Earl of Essex.

Heretics, voluntary subscriptions in Spain and W. Indies for war against, 286.

Heriedi, or Heredi, Messer Francesco de, citizen of Zante, French Consul at Patras, 1121, 1147;

text of letter to, 1148.

Hermaudiglio, Commander, 602,

his tomb, 616.

Hertford, Earl of. See Seymour, Edward.

Hesse, Landgrave of, league of Protestant Princes against House of Austria, proposed by, 1157.

Hessels, Andrew de. See Hassalz.

Hides, bull and buffalo, contraband at Modon, 1124.

Holland, Admiral of. See Duvenarde, George de.

-, States of. See Netherlands.

Holtinga, George de, 773.

Holy Roman Empire. See Germany.

Holy Sepulchre, monks at, under French protection, 876.

Honfleur (1592) besieged by Henry IV., 76.

Hoogstraten, in hands of mutineers, 1131.

Horses, export of. See Trade.

Howard, Catherine, Countess of Nottingham, Bedchamber Lady to the Queen, her death, 1159.

-, Catherine, wife of Henry VIII., 1143.

-, Charles, Lord Effingham, Earl of Nottingham, Lord High Admiral of England, sails with Essex, 449, 453;

mentioned, 716, 758;

his signature to treaty with Dutch, 773;

to command against Spanish, with his brother, 807;

his nephew, son of late Duke of Norfolk to command, 815;

his perquisites, 986;

appointed to enquire into Venetian demand for damages, 1135;

personal appeal to, by Admiral of Flanders, to promote peace, his objection, 1142;

his views on piracy of Sherleys, 1142;

his wife's death, 1159.

Huguenots, Henry IV.'s reported coldness to (1593), 239,

his jealousy of, 255;

their influence with Queen Elizabeth, 376;

their attitude to Henry IV., 445, 483, 590;

Henry IV.'s promises to them, being under compulsion, not to be kept, 487;

danger from them, to Henry IV.'s designs, 592, 641;

armed opposition by, to peace of Vervins, 652;

their dislike to it, 692;

design of, to marry Henry IV. in their sect, 791;

reported appointments of, by Henry IV., 875, 876 (see Mont-pellier, Prince of);

their connexion with Essex plot intimated by France, 1006;

with de Biron's plot;

their leader de Bouillon suspected, 1111.

Hulst, death of de Rosne at, 446;

taken by Spanish, 482, 486.

Human heads sent from Turkish army, home to Constantinople, 217, 221.

Humbey, —, a Scotsman, agent of Archduke Albert, charged with assassination of Count Maaurice, surrendered to Scottish King, 1101.

Hungary, Tyrolese troops employed in, 98.

-, threatened by Turk, 144.

-, Turkish invasions of, usually accom panied with despatch of fleet against Spain, 187.

-, victory by, over Turk, 228.

-, See Pally.

-, Turkish successes in, 248, 310,

defeat in, 444, 447,

march in, 512,

mastery of, 515, 516.

Hunsdou, Lord. See Carey, George.

Huntingdon, Earl of. See Hastings.

I

Ibrahim Pasha, the Sultan's son-in-law, reputed mad, probable successor to the Capudan Pasha, 204.

- -, intervenes in Elman suit (see Elman);

imprisoned and fleeced, 269;

receives English Ambassador in audience, 371;

opposed presence of Sultan with army, 417;

interview with, 452;

German negotiation with, 516;

deposed from Grand Viziership, 627, 857;

with army in Hungary, 524, 984.

Ile Marguerite. See Peru.

Indies, East, trade with, absorbed by Dutch, 712

-, West. See America.

Indigo, Turkish trade in, with England, 1119.

Infanta of Spain, The, to be married (1592) to the Emperor, 14, 40;

oath of allegiance to her, declined by League, 52;

again urged, 60, 76;

her marriage to the Duke of Soissons suggested, 77;

her election (1593) urged, as Queen of France, 141, 186;

her marriage to son of Duke of Lorraine proposed, 149, 219, 231;

her genealogical claim (1594) to Brittany, 430;

her marriage (1598) to the Archduke Albert arranged, 651, 669, 683, 685,

to be celebrated in Spain, 697, 714;

renunciation by Philip II., in her favour, of Flanders, 683, 690, 712;

her marriage delayed, 719;

regret in Spain at nature of her dower, 749;

bad understanding (1600) between, and husband, 847;

personally commands (1602) at siege of Ostend, 1081.

Infold, Capt. Stephen, of Plymouth, 1147.

Inquisition, immunity from, of English subjects in Spain claimed, 883.

Insurance, vessel abandoned to secure money of, 1128.

Inventions, of Sicilian capuchin, for destroying armies and fleets, 21;

of Genoese sailor, for fire-resisting pitch, 251.

Ireland, (1595), Tyrone's rebellion in, compels withdrawal of English troops from Brittany, 322, 338, 376, 377.

-, -, Spanish ships for, 375, 384, 406.

-, -, rebels in, opposed by Col. Norris, 376, 378.

-, -, religious freedom conceded in, to Roman Catholics, 383.

-, (1596), rebellion renewed, in, 414, 474, 520, 522.

-, -, Spanish aid for, 416, 432, 458, 502, 506.

-, -, loss of, Elizabeth's views on, 502.

-, -, Spanish aid for rebels in, landed, 502, 504, 509, 519, 531.

-, -, rebel successes in, 519.

-, (1597), regiment of Irish in service of Spain, 541.

-, -, reported annihilation of Spanish force in, 545.

-, -, progress of rebellion in, 569,

prevents aid being sent to France, 575,.578, 586.

-, -, Spanish troops for, 600, 612, 629b.

-, -, death of governor of, 639.

-, (1598), effects of rebellion in, on Queen's policy, 695, 716.

-, -, Irish hermit's exhortations to Queen, 703.

-, -, Earl of Essex's refusal to proceed to, 743, 758.

-, -, rebel successes in, 746, 752, 758, 760, 772, 782, 783, 784, 792.

-, -, victory of Earl of Ormonde in, 750.

-, (1599), reported landing of Spanish troops in, 772.

-, -, Earl of Essex departs to his command in, 777, 793, 794, 798.

-, -, ship of Earl of Essex's force, lost, 797.

-, -, submission of chiefs in, 797.

-, -, reported annihilation of English troops landed in, 799, 802, 807.

-, -, successful suppression of revolt, Irish methods of resistance, 803, 804.

-, -, Spanish expedition against, ready, 805, 807.

-, -, “the Englishman's grave,” 807.

-, -, continued success of rebellion in, 810, 812, 820, 826, 831.

-, -, interview of the Earls of Essex and Tyrone in, and conclusion of truce between, 822, 824, 827.

-, -, return of Earl of Essex from, and his arrest, 824, 830, 831, 832, 833, 839. See Devereux.

-, -, truce reported broken, 830, 832, 833, 839.

-, (1600), Lord Mountjoy appointed to succeed Earl of Essex in, 851, 874, 883.

-, -, mortality among English troops in, 851,

losses at hands of enemy, 852, 870, 883.

-, -, English defeat in, 897.

-, -, expense of war in, 917, 1010.

-, (1601), Spanish fleet and army prepared for, 991, 994, 999, 1002, 1009.

-, -, Spanish troops landed in, 1014, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1028, 1029.

-, -, general pardon offered to rebels in, largely accepted, 1021.

-, -, Roman Catholic Archbishop of, in Rome, scheming against English, 1022.

-, -, English measures for reduction of, and expulsion of Spanish, 1025, 1027.

-, -, Scottish offer of troops for suppression of rebellion in, accepted, 1029.

-, -, Spanish troops in, reinforced, 1032, 1046;

joined by Irish nobility, 1034.

-, (1602), desperate position of Spaniards in, 1036;

their withdrawal offered as price of peace, 1040;

blockaded in Kinsale, 1043;

effect junction with Tyrone, 1047;

their total defeat, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052;

manifesto of their commander, 1053;

their surrender, 1054, 1056;

the terms, 1057, 1058, 1061, 1068;

Tyrone's concealment, 1069;

their return home, 1072, 1073, 1087;

garrison left in [reland, captured, 1090.

-, -, Papal Nuncio sent to, 1068, 1116.

-, -, renewed Spanish designs on, 1075, 1076, 1083, 1091, 1093, 1116, 1132.

-, (1603), toleration for Roman Catholics in Ulster, 1154.

-, -, French dislike to Spanish influence in, 1154; see also 1024–8.

Iron, English trade in with Tunis, 1031, 1119.

Irun, French attack on, 531.

Isachi, the Sultana, 294.

Ispahan, 922.

Italy, enrolment of troops in Spain for, 259.

-, attitude of princes of, to France and Spain, 331, 532.

-, Spaniards in, to be attacked through Sicily, 423.

-, Italians at siege of Amiens, 609, 616.

Ivry, battle of, 613.