Pages 22-32
Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem: Volume 7, Edward III. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1909.
This free content was digitised using optical character recognition and sponsored by the AHRC-funded 'Mapping the Medieval Countryside' project of the University of Winchester and King's College London. All rights reserved.
Citation:
Inquisitions Post Mortem, Edward III, File 3
47. | JOHN DE ABERNOUN. |
Writ [20 November], 1 Edward [III]. (Fragment.) | |
SURREY. | Inq. Wednesday after the Conception, 1 Edward III. (defaced.) |
Stoke Dabernoun and Aldebury. The manors (extents given), held of Eleanor, late the wife of Hugh le Despenser, the younger, one of the daughters and heirs of Gilbert de Clare, sometime earl of Gloucester and Hereford, by service of two knights’ fees and a half.
Fecham. A messuage, lands, and rent (extent given), held of the said Eleanor by service of half a knight’s fee. [Raygate. (fn. 1) ] A moiety of a messuage, lands and rent (extent given) held of John de Warenna, earl of Surrey, by service of …… at the same earl’s court of Raygate. Estwyke in [Berkham. (fn. 1) ] Certain tenements held of [the abbot of] Certeseye by service of 21s. yearly. Lamhuthe. A messuage held of the archbishop of Canterbury by service of 4d. yearly rent and doing suit at the said archbishop’s court. John his son, aged 60 (?) years, is his next heir. |
|
C. Edw. III. File 3 (1.) | |
48. | HENRY TYEYS, TIEIS, TYAS, TYEIS, or LE TYEYS. |
Writ, 8 February, 1 Edward III. and duplicate. | |
YORK; ESTRIDING. | Inq. 7 March, 1 Edward III. |
Braken. A capital messuage, lands, rents, &c. (extent given), held of William de Ros [or de Roos] of Hamelak by knight’s service and service of rendering to the said William 26s. 8d. yearly; the country there is much deteriorated by the king’s enemies and a murrain of beasts.
Alice, late the wife of Warin de Insula [or de Lyle], sister of the said Henry, aged 30 years and more, is his next heir. |
|
Writ, 10 February, 1 Edward III. | |
YORK. | Inq. 7 March, 1 Edward III. |
Bracken. The same as the foregoing inquisition. | |
Writ, 10 February, 1 Edward III. | |
BERKS. | Inq. 22 February, 1 Edward III. |
Hordwell. The said Henry, after the death of his father, whose heir he was, assigned in dower to Hawis, his mother, late the wife of Henry le Tyeys his father, the manor of Hordwell with 11s. yearly rent in Ordestone. And the said Hawis, having had full seisin thereof for two years, demised the same to the said Henry, her son, to be held by a fixed rent to be paid to her yearly, with reversion, if she should survive him, to herself. Which Henry died during the life of his mother, in the time of the late king, who took the manor and rent into his hand, and afterwards the said Hawis died. The manor of Hordwell is held of the abbot of Abyndon by service of a quarter of a knight’s fee, and the rent in Ordestone is held of Richard de Croupes freely without any service.
Alice de Insula, late the wife of Warin de Insula, is sister and next heir of the said Henry, and of full age. |
|
BERKS | Extent [undated]. |
Herdewille or Hordewille and Ordestone or Herdestone. The manor (extent given). | |
OXFORD. | Inq. 19 February, 1 Edward III. |
Schyrebourne. The manor (extent given), with its members, the manors of Alwartone and Tywernayl, co. Cornwall, held of the honour of St. Valery by service of rendering at the court of the honour of St. Valery at North Oseneye a bow (arcum eburneum) without a cord, with three barbed arrows, or 12d. yearly for all service.
Fretewell. 20l. rent from tenants in the manor, including 10 virgaters, and 8 half virgaters, which rent is held of Robert de Insula by service of a knight’s fee. Ok. The manor (extent given), held of the said Robert de Insula by service of a third part of a knight’s fee. Heir as above, aged 32 years and more. |
|
WILTS. | Inq. 21 …, 1 Edward III. (defective.) |
Lydeyerd Tregoz. A messuage and 2 carucates of land [extent given], held of William de Grandisone and Joan his wife, as of her inheritance, by service of a third part of a knight’s fee.
Le Houk. A messuage, 100a. land and 2a. meadow, held as above as parcel of the said third part of a knight’s fee. Chiltone and Draycote Folyot. The said Henry after the death of Henry le Tyeys, his father, assigned to his mother, Hawis late the wife of the said Henry, his father, the manors of Chiltone and Draycote Folyot; and after having full seisin for two years she demised the same to the said Henry, her son, to hold by a yearly rent payable to her, with reversion to herself if she should survive him. Which Henry died so seised, during the life time of his mother in the time of the late King Edward, who took the manors into his hand, and afterwards the said Hawis also died. The manor of Chyltone is held of the honour of St. Valery by service of a knight’s fee, and the manor of Draycote Folyot is held of Reginald Crouk by service of 8 quarters of wheat and 8 quarters of barley yearly for all service. Heir as above, of full age. |
|
WILTS. | Extents [undated]. |
Chilton. The manor (extent given).
Dreycote Folyot. The manor (extent given). |
|
Writ, 11 February, 1 Edward III. | |
CORNWALL. | Inq. 23 February, 1 Edward III. |
Alwertone and Tywerneil. The manors, together with the manor of Shyrebourne, co. Oxford, held of the honour of St. Valery by service of rendering at Michaelmas yearly at the court of the said honour at Northoseneye a bow (arcum aburneum), without a cord, with three arrows barbed and feathered with peacock’s feathers, or 12d.
Alwertone. The manor (full extent given), including a chapel in which mass is celebrated three days a week every year by the prior of Mount St. Michael if the lord shall be present, rents and attendances at the court of the manor due from 29 burgesses in Pensans and 40 burgesses at Mousehole or Mosehole, who shall double their rent for relief, whenever it happens, 13 boats at Pensans in this year, which render for each boat 12d., or a quarter of fresh hake, and at Mosehole in this year 16 boats, which render for each boat 12d. yearly according to custom, and 8s. 6d. yearly rent of 17 stalls (logiorum) of foreign fishermen in Mosehole and Pensans, viz.—for each stall 6d. according to custom. Tywerneil Tyeys. The manor (full extent given), including 27 conventionary tenants who ought to carry a mill-stone (molare) to the lord’s mill there at his expense when necessary, 14 bondmen (nativi), who shall also carry a mill-stone, a moiety of a mill, a fixed rent and toll from the ponds, and a way called Sandweye worth 2s. a year. Heir as above, aged 25 years and more. |
|
C. Edw. III. File 3. (2 and 3.) | |
49. | RICHARD DE PLAIZ, LE PLAYZ, DE PLAISZ, or DE PLEIZ, knight. |
Writ, 14 August, 1 Edward III. | |
CAMBRIDGE. | Inq. Thursday after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, 1 Edward III. |
Foulmere. A certain part of the manor (extent given), including a capital messuage, two parts of a water-mill, and perquisites of court and the market, held of the king in chief by knight’s service.
He died on Saturday the feast of the Assumption last part. Giles his son, aged 7 years, is his next heir. |
|
NORFOLK. | Inq. 21 September, 1 Edward III. |
Wetyngg. Two parts of the manor (extent given), including a capital messuage, and a fishery, held of the countess of Penebrok by the service of a quarter of a knight’s fee.
Heir as above, aged 7 1/2 years. |
|
SUSSEX. | Inq. 12 September, 1 Edward III. |
Yford or Ilford. The manor with its members of Wannyngore, Warplesbourn, and Wourth (extents given), held of the earl of Warren by service of half a knight’s fee, and suit of court every three weeks at the earl’s court in Lewes.
Heir as above. |
|
ESSEX. | Inq. 24 September, 1 Edward III. |
Great Okle. The manor (extent given), held of the king in chief by the barony called Mounfichet. The manor is charged with 2d. rent to the castle of Colchester.
Bentfield. The manor (extent given), including 100a. of brushwood and pasture at Thremhale, held of the king in chief as of the barony of Mountfichet. Stratford. 4l. 8s. 10d. rent, 10a. of brushwood and herbage, and fines and perquisites of court, held of the king in chief as of the barony of Mountfichet. Heir as above. |
|
Writ of certiorari de feodis &c., 28 August, 1 Edward III. | |
ESSEX. | Inq. 24 September, 1 Edward III. |
Wenedon and Machynge. Two knights’ fees, held by Thomas de Berkele.
Arkesden. Half a knight’s fee, held by the prioress of Campeseye. Wythington [or Wychington] and Alveuiyele. Four knights’ fees held by Robert le Veyse. Stanstede. A quarter of a knight’s fee, held by the heir of John de Bassingbourne. Schingelford. A knight’s fee held by the lady of Badelismere [or Margaret, late the wife of Bartholomew de Badelesmere]. Wrytele. Half a knight’s fee, held by Thomas de Gros. Witham. Half a knight’s fee, held by Robert de Powers and Thomas Bacoun; and a knight’s fee held by Richard Talbot, of the inheritance of his wife. Great Mapelestrested. A knight’s fee, held by Thomas de Undercombe. Wythermondeford. A knight’s fee, held by Thomas de Poningges. Tendrynge. Half a knight’s fee [held by the same Thomas de Poningges]. Wyvenho, Donilonde, Stapelford, and Navescote. Three knights’ fees and three quarters of a fee, held by John de Sutton. Bornham. A knight’s fee, held by John de Haulou. Great Okle. Three quarters of a knight’s fee, held by Alexander Flyntard. Maneweden. A quarter of a knight’s fee, held by John de Bassingbourne. Great Okle. The advowson of the church. |
|
NORFOLK. | Inq. 21 September, 1 Edward III. |
Northwolde. Half a knight’s fee, pertaining to the manor of Wetyngg, held by William de Hovull [or de Houvill].
Bernham and Welburn. Half a knight’s fee, held by Constantine de Mortuo Mari and the heirs of John de Mounttorbyn. Lodne [or Loden]. A knight’s fee, held by Roger Bakoun. Sistronde. A third part of a knight’s fee, held by Thomas de Ponynges. Fransham and Skernyng. A knight’s fee, held by Geoffrey de Fransham. Bakounesthopre [or Bakonnesthorpe]. A knight’s fee, held by John de Claveryng’. Sperham by Lyng. A knight’s fee, held by the same John. Bernham by Thefford. A quarter of a knight’s fee, held by Ralph de Shirle. Ratlesden. A knight’s fee, called ‘le [W]odehall,’ held by John de Ratlesden. Wetyngg. The advowson of the church of St. Mary, Wetyngg, pertains to the said manor. |
|
SUSSEX. | Inq. 12 September, 1 Edw. III. |
Wourthe. The advowson of the church
Chaggele. The advowson of the church. |
|
CAMBRIDGE. | Extent, Thursday after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, 1 Edward III. |
Foulmere. Half a knight’s fee, held by Thomas de Ponyngges.
Schodecampes. A knight’s fee, held by Thomas de Hauchech. Foulmere. The advowson of the church. |
|
Extent or summary of the above manors, &c. in Essex, Norfolk, Sussex, and Cambridge, divided into two parts, and a third part. | |
Extent or summary of the above knights’ fees and advowsons of churches in Essex, Cambridge, and Norfolk, divided into two parts, and a third part, with the variations there given within square brackets. | |
Writ of dedimus potestatem, 8 October, 1 Edward III, to Thomas de Verdon to receive the oath of Margaret, late the wife of the said Richard de Plaiz, that she will not marry without the king’s licence. | |
Endorsed by Thomas de Verdon that he has received the oath of the said Margaret. | |
C. Edw. III. File 3. (4.) | |
50. | WILLIAM LE LATYMER, LE LATIMER, or LATIMER. |
Writ, 2 March, 1 Edward III. | |
KENT. | Inq. 11 March, 1 Edward III. |
Asshe. The manor (extent given), held of the heir of John de Mouubrai by service of a quarter of a knight’s fee and rendering at the said heir’s manor of Ryerhs for the ward of the castle of Rochester 24s. yearly.
Bromlegh. 2 messuages, lands, and a water-mill (extent given), including a tenement called Blakebrok, held of the bishop of Rochester by service of 8s. yearly, and doing suit at his court of Bromlegh every three weeks; and 3a. of marsh pasture held of the prior of Christchurch, Canterbury, by service of 4d. yearly. Beghenham. 57a. arable and 3a. marsh pasture, held of Maurice de Brun by service of 10s. 3d. yearly, and doing suit at his court of Beghenham every three weeks. William his son, aged 26 years, is his next heir. |
|
BEDFORD. | Inq. Sunday after St. Gregory the Pope, 1 Edward III. |
Sutton. The manor (extent given), held of the king as of the honour of Huntingdon, which is in the king’s hands by reason of the forfeiture of Robert de Bruys, by service of half a knight’s fee.
He died on Friday after St. Matthias the Apostle. Heir as above. |
|
SURREY. | Inq. 9 March, 1 Edward III. |
Wodeton. The manor (extent given), including a park with deer, and a tillage called ‘la Claye,’ held of the king by reason of the lands of Hugh le Despenser, the younger, and Eleanor his wife, as of her pourparty now in the king’s hand, by service of a knight’s fee and of 1d. yearly rent at the manor of Blechynglegh, and doing suit at the court of the same manor every three weeks.
Ockelegh. A building, lands, and rent called Holebrok (extent given), held of Nicholas Malemeyns by service of rendering (to him) 40d. yearly, and half a mark yearly to the prior of Merton. Heir as above. |
|
LINCOLN. | Return by the escheator that he has not caused an inquisition to be made, being informed that the said William did not die seised of any lands in the county, and that William son and heir of the said William, as is found by other inquisitions, did not wish to sue out any inquisition thereof. |
Writ, 2 March, 1 Edward III. | |
CUMBERLAND and WESTMORELAND. | Inq. Saturday after the Annunciation, 1 Edward III. (Edwardi filii Regis Edwardi de Karnarvan.) |
He held no lands or tenements in these counties in demesne as of fee on the day he died; but long before his death he enfeoffed his son, William le Latymer, of the manors of Gamelesby and Unthank, to him and his heirs for ever, by virtue whereof the said William still holds them. The manors are held of the king in chief by service of rendering 13s. 4d. yearly to the king for cornage in his castle of Carlisle, and are in the hands of tenants-at-will, who render 13l. 6s. 8d. yearly.
Heir as above, aged 25 years and more. |
|
YORK. | [Inq.] ………… . (fragment undated and much defaced.) |
[Rill]yngton. A bovate of land in the hands of tenants-at-will, held of Sir William de Ros of Hamelak by service of a twentieth part of 1 1/2d. yearly.
And he sometime held the manors of Scamston, Thornton in Pickeringlithe, Syvelyngton, Tyverington and Scotton, with the reversions of the manors of Wodhous and Catbeeston which Thomas le Latymer his brother holds for life by his gift, and the reversion of his houses in York which John de Newby holds for life by his gift, and the reversion of the town of Bridale which Bartholomew de Fanacourt holds for life of his gift; but long before his death he granted the same with their homages, wardships, reliefs, escheats, advowsons of churches &c. to William le Latymer his son, who still survives, and the heirs of his body, with remainder to Thomas his son and the heirs of his body, with further remainder to Warin le Latymer and the heirs male of his body, with ultimate reversion to the said William le Latymer, deceased, and his heirs. Danby. The manor, with tenements, in Glasdale and Lelum was granted to him for life by the late King Edward, with remainder to his son William and his heirs, to hold of the king in chief by service of a knight’s fee. Scamston. The manor and the reversions of Bridale, and of the manors of Wodhouse and Catbeeston (extent given?), are held of the heirs of Ralph, late Baron of Graistok, who is in the king’s wardship, by service of a knight’s fee. Thornton in Pikeringlyth. The manor is held of the king as of the honour of Albemarle by service of a knight’s fee. Syvelyngton. The manor, excepting 4a. land, is held of John Bigot, lord of Seteryngton, by service of three parts of a knight’s fee; and the said 4a. land are held of the heir of the earl Marshal by knight’s service, and are charged to the castle of Pickeryng in 4s. 6d. yearly. Tyverington. The manor is held of Ranulph de Nevyll by knight’s service. Scotton. The manor is held of the earl of Richmond by knight’s service. York. The said houses are held of ………… Mayor and bailiffs of the city. …………………… Danby. The manor with tenements in Glasdale and Lelum was granted to him for life by the late King Edward with remainder to his son William le Latymer and his heirs, to hold of the king in chief by service of a knight’s fee. Heir as above, aged 25 years. There is an early paper copy of part of this inquisition annexed. |
|
C. Edw. III. File 3. (5.) | |
51. | WILLIAM DE HORSSY or DE HORSY. (fn. 2) |
Writ, 30 April, 1 Edward III, (defaced.) | |
SOMERSET. | Inq. 12 May [1 Edward III.] (defective.) |
Cherleton. A capital messuage, lands, and rents &c. (extent given), held of the king in chief by service of half a knight’s fee.
Horsy. A capital messuage, lands, rents &c. (extent given), held of Henry …… . by service of a knight’s fee. Swyndon. A [capital messuage,] lands and rents (extent given), held of Simon de F[orneaux] by service of a knight’s fee. Donysford. [A rent] held of Philip [de Columbers, lord] of Berwyk, for an eighth part of a knight’s fee. …… . . of the said William, aged … . . [years and] more, is his next heir. |
|
C. Edw. III. File 3. (6.) | |
52. | MAUD LATE THE WIFE OF ROBERT DE CLIFFORD. |
Writ, 24 May, 1 Edward III. | |
ESSEX. | Inq. Saturday after St. Nicholas, 1 Edward III. |
Forest of Essex. The said Maud held a moiety of the stewardship of the forest in the county of Essex of the late King Edward in chief by service of guarding a moiety of the said forest and of paying 1/2d. yearly at the king’s exchequer.
Robert de Clifford, her son, aged 22 years, is her next heir. |
|
Writ, 24 May, 1 Edward III. | |
Writ of certiorari, touching all the lands held by the said Maud in dower or otherwise for life, 28 May, 1 Edward III. | |
YORK. | Inq. 10 June, 1 Edward III. (defaced.) |
Skipton in Craven. A third part of the honour of Skipton in Craven, viz.— the manor of Holme and certain tenements in Skybdon and Sighelesden, held by her for life as dower of the inheritance of Robert de Clifford, son and heir of the aforesaid Robert de Clifford, to whom the same reverts; which third part together with the remaining two parts of the honour is held of the king in chief by service of two knights’ fees and a half.
Holme. The manor (extent given), including two vaccaries called ‘le Loges,’ in the wood of Crokeris (?). Sighelesden. Tenements (extent given), including the site of a grange and a halmote worth 10s. yearly. Skybdon. Tenements in bondage (extent given). The reversion pertains to Robert de Clifford, son and heir of the said Robert de Clifford, who was aged 21 years on Friday next after All Saints. |
|
WESTMORELAND. | Inq. 8 June, 1 Edward III. |
Burgh under Staynesmore. The castle held for life as dower of the inheritance of Robert de Clifford, son and heir of the said Robert, with certain tenements there and in Wynton and Sourby by Burgh; which castle and tenements together with the castles of Appelby, Brouham and Pendragon and the barony of Appelby, together with tenements pertaining to the said castles, are held of the king in chief by service of four knights’ fees.
Burgh under Staynesmore. The castle within the walls, lands, rents &c. (extent given), including a garden, herbage of the castle foss, and profits of a fair and of the moor of Staynesmore. Wynton. A capital messuage, lands, rents &c. (extent given). Sourby by Burgh. A capital messuage, lands, rents, a vaccary &c. (extent given). Heir as above. |
|
CUMBERLAND. | Inq. 6 June, 1 Edward III. (defaced.) |
Skelton. A third part of divers tenements (extent given), held in dower as above, including rents at Carlton; which third part, together with the remaining two-parts, is held of the king in chief by service of rendering 2s. 6d. yearly for cornage to his castle of Carlisle, 22 1/2d. yearly to the king’s serjeants in the county of Cumberland for food, 6s. yearly to the king’s foresters of Ingelwod for food, 2 quarters, 6 1/2 ‘estrikes’ and 1 ‘peck’ of oats of the price of 6s., and 14d. yearly at the castle of Carlisle for the water-course for the mill.
Heir as above. |
|
C. Edw. III. File 3. (7.) | |
53. | BARTHOLOMEW DE ASSHEBURNHAM or DE ESSCHEBURNHAM. |
Writ, 12 February, 1 Edward III. | |
SUSSEX. | Inq. Monday after St. Matthias, 1 Edward III. |
Esscheburnham. The manor, in the barony of Hasting’, held of John de Britannia, earl of Richmond, by service of two knights’ fees.
John de Esscheburnham, his brother, aged 30 years, is his next heir. |
|
C. Edw. III. File 3. (8.) | |
54. | ROGER DE BURGHEFELD. |
Writ, 9 February, 1 Edward III. | |
BERKS. | Inq. 28 February, 1 Edward III. |
Burghefeld. The manor, held of Roger de Mortuo Mari by service of half a knight’s fee.
Peter de Burghefeld, his brother, is his next heir and of full age. |
|
C. Edw. III. File 3. (9.) | |
55. | JOHN HADDOK, of La Legh. |
Writ, 1 March, 1 Edward III. | |
ESSEX. | Inq. Thursday after St. Gregory the Pope, 1 Edward III. |
La Legh in the hundred of Rocheford. 12a. land, a messuage, and a marsh in common with his parceners, held in chief of John de Appetone, lord of the manor of La Legh, by service of 2s. 0 1/2d. yearly, in divers services; and the said tenements with their parceners owe suit at the court of the manor every three weeks. The said John was an idiot, and his lands were taken into the hand of the late king.
Stephen, his brother, aged 17 years, is his next heir. |
|
C. Edw. III. File 3. (10.) | |
56. | JOHN SON OF RICHARD DE BRUNNE. |
Writ, 9 June, 1 Edward III. | |
YORK. | Inq. Monday the eve of the Translation of St. Thomas the Martyr, 1 Edward III. |
Appelgarth. 4 bovates of land (extent given), held of the late King Edward, by reason of the lands in the king’s hand by the forfeiture of William de Carliolo, a rebel, by service of a twentieth part of a knight’s fee.
Westbrunne. A capital messuage and 6 bovates of land held of Bertin Fanacourt by knight’s service. Richard, his son, aged 24 years and more, is his next heir. |
|
C. Edw. III. File 3. (11.) | |
57. | LAURENCE TREMUER. |
Writ, 10 February, 1 Edward III. | |
CORNWALL. | Inq. 21 February, 1 Edward III. |
Trellulla, Pellengarou, Tregallest, Lansengi, Uppetoneythyn, Hendre and Trewiget. Two messuages and 2 Cornish acres of land, held of the king in chief as in socage by fealty and by service of 12s. 6d. for relief after the death of each tenant, for all service.
Tremour. A messuage and a Cornish acre of land, held in socage of Stephen de Podiford by fealty and service of rendering 1lb. of cummin yearly for all service. Westdraynes. A messuage and a Cornish acre of land, held of Thomas de la Mettyn, the younger, as in socage by doing fealty to the said Thomas for all service. John de Tremour, his son, aged 26 years and more, is his next heir. |
|
C. Edw. III. File 3. (12.) | |
58. | WILLIAM DE PUTTON. |
Writ, 11 April, 1 Edward III. | |
SOUTHAMPTON. | Inq. 2. May, 1 Edward III. |
Burghton. 50 1/2a. land held of the king in chief by service of serjeanty viz.— of keeping a moiety of the wood of la Bokholte in the forest of Claryndon for all service.
John his son, aged 8 years and more, is his next heir. |
|
WILTS. | Inq. 28 April, 1 Edward III. |
Putton. A messuage and 20a. land, held of the king in chief by service of finding a forester to keep the king’s park of Claryndon for all service; and 80a. land, 2a. meadow and 5s. rent, held of the abbess of Winchester by service of rendering 10s. and 1lb. of pepper yearly for all service.
Heir as above. |
|
Writ, 4 May, 1 Edward III. | |
No return to this writ. | |
C. Edw. III. File. 3. (13.) | |
59. | JOHN DE BYLYNGGEYE or BILLYNGGEY. |
Writ, 10 April, 1 Edward III. | |
LINCOLN. | Inq. 19 April, 1 Edward III. |
He held no lands or tenements in the county, in fee on the day he died, for long before his death he enfeoffed a certain Thomas Racyn of certain tenements in Wylugby by Anecastre, with tenements in Knaye. | |
NORFOLK. | Inq. Friday in Easter week, 1 Edward III. |
Runham. A third part of the manor (extent given) including a rent of salt, held of the king in chief by service of a third part of two measures of wine and of 200 pears (pirarum de Permeyns) to be paid each year at the king’s exchequer.
John his son aged 6 years, is his next heir. |
|
C. Edw. III. File 3. (14.) |